The role of the European Commission

Morvan Le Berre, Head of the Brussels office, Wardynsky and Partners

The pages that follow give information relating to the background and contact details of lawyers and other officials working within a series of directorates of the European Commission in Brussels. I aim to provide a brief introduction to the institution itself and give some practical signposts to guide practitioners how to discover more information relating to the many legal functions of the body.

What the Commission does

In a nutshell, the Commission is responsible for ensuring that EU law is complied with both by the other European Community institutions and by the member states themselves. On this basis, the Commission investigates and ultimately brings legal action before the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in Luxembourg.
In certain areas, the Commission takes executive powers directly from the Treaty of Rome. This is the case in the field of competition, for example, where among other tasks the Commission reviews the compatibility with the internal market of agreements or mergers between undertakings. The Commission may investigate on the basis of complaints or on its own initiative and is subject to procedural requirements including consultation with the member states (these consultation processes are called ‘comitology’).
The Commission is also responsible for proposing new legislation. During the legislative process these proposals may be amended several times, but once they are adopted such Community legislation in turn often confers further responsibilities on the Commission. It may require the Commission to implement directives or decisions, or publish guidelines and reports. For instance, the Commission is appointed by the Directive on General Product Safety to operate the Rapid alert system regarding dangerous products (RAPEX) involving the relevant national authorities.
In combination with its executive and legislative powers, the Commission is also in charge of defining and implementing a wide range of policies in the name of the Community. These policies include agriculture and fisheries, regional development, competition, research and development, the environment, public health, energy, transport, development aid as well as justice, freedom and security and external relations1.
The need for the Commission to take the initiative in relation to such a diverse range of subjects means that the institution is in constant need of expert advice. At any time a number of consultation processes are run on a broad range of topics, from issues such as damages actions for breach of competition rules to market access or specific consumer protection issues. The Commission also maintains expert groups to assist it, such as permanent scientific committees composed of national specialists2.
How the Commission exercises its authority, and the results that arise from its actions, is largely a function of political priorities. The speed with which it reacts to events and the nature of its chosen course of action are all subject to specific circumstances. The political priorities of the Commission – which at any given moment amounts to those of the college of Commissioners which actually makes decisions – must also adjust to the priorities of the member states themselves.
Two questions hover whenever the Commission decides on an action, proposes new legislation or defines a policy: is it acting within the competence of the Community (ie not overstepping the competences of EU member states), and if so, is it acting within its own competence (ie not overstepping the competences of other EU institutions).

How the Commission is organised

The Commission itself is composed of the college of Commissioners (at present 27 – one for each member state) who jointly take decisions, while each Commissioner is also responsible for a specific area of the Commission’s activities.
The staff of the Commission totals about 25,000 people, and is divided into directorates-general (DGs), directorates and units. These in turn are assisted by a service corps comprising of the General Secretariat3, the Legal Service and by a number of administrative services (covering translation, interpretation, publications, etc).
When working on a particular issue, it is important to identify which section of the Commission is actually involved. Even if only one directorate-general is working on a specific file, all the Commissioners and their cabinets (the groups of advisers working directly under the individual Commissioners) may later become involved if necessary. In addition, in many cases several directorates-general are involved either directly or through a form of inter-directorate consultation. Working with the Commission resembles working with many public authorities in a number of ways. It is particularly important to be well prepared in advance of meetings and conversations and understand what is or may be the perspective of the Commission in the matter. Consideration should be given to all matters at stake, beyond the simple policy issues at hand.
The multinational composition and the sense of mission are among the most striking features of the Commission. It is also worth bearing in mind the speed of growth of the institution. Many of the first intake of Commission officials are still alive, and can remember the time when it was easily housed in a single building.
The fundamental rules governing the procedure of the Commission are contained in the EC Treaty, and this should be consulted rigorously, but is not exhaustive. For example it contains little in relation to the rules on comitology4, the financial regulations, the rules on the conclusion of contracts with the Commission, or on deadlines. Such rules and other regulations relevant to the Commission are subject to extensive interpretation by the ECJ.
Those interacting with the Commission need also to be aware of the Commission’s good administrative behaviour5, rules on access to documents6, complaint forms, and the internal rules of the Commission.
In addition to the basic practitioner information, there is widespread academic discussion of the Commission7, practical guides to the EU8 and commentary on lobbying9, all of which should be borne in mind by those dealing on a regular basis with the institution.
The most important consideration, ahead of working with the Commission, is to think how best to prepare and which points to have in mind. Before you contact the Commission or are contacted by the Commission it is highly recommended that you review the procedures in depth. Be sure that you understand whether the Commission is the right institution to contact or why precisely you or your organisation have been contacted by the Commission. What is the legal basis of the Commission’s competence in the particular instance? What are your procedural rights and in what legislative, executive and political context your work with the Commission will take place?

1 See http://europa.eu/index_en.htm

2 See http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regexpert/index.cfm

3 Web site of the Secretariat General: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/secretariat_general/index_en.htm#

4 See Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 (OJEC 1999, L 184, p.23) as amended notably by Decision 2006/512/EC of 17 July 2006 (OJEU 2006, L 200, p.11). See also, for instance, Carl Fredrik Bergström, Comitology - Delegation of powers in the European Union and the Committee system, Oxford University Press : Oxford, 2005; see also the Commission register of Comitology: http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regcomitology/registre.cfm?CL=en

5 http://ec.europa.eu/civil_society/code/index_en.htm

6 http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/access_documents/index_en.htm

7 See for instance : David Spence (Editor), The European Commission, John Harper : London, 2006

8 See for instance : Memento Pratique Francis Lefebvre, Union Européenne 2006-2007, Editions Francis Lefebvre : Paris, 2006

9 See for instance : Rinus Van Schendelen, Machiavelli in Brussels - the art of lobbying in the EU, Amsterdam University Press : Amsterdam, 2005

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

European Commission biographies

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

Adrian, Eva

European Commission – Transport and Energy
Head of Unit – inspections manufacturing and enrichment plant
Country of origin: France
T: +35 2 430136946
Ms Adrian is head of the unit dealing with nuclear safeguards, verification of fabrication and enrichment plants in DG Transport and Energy. She joined the European institutions in 1997 as a nuclear inspector in DG Transport and Energy, after a nine year career as an engineer for the Framatome Group in France (1988-1997). In 2000 she was recruited as an auditor in the European Court of Auditors, where she remained for another four years. For the period 2004-2006 she held the position of the assistant to the director general of the Euratom Supply Agency, before returning to DG Transport and Energy as a head of unit. Ms Adrian holds a diploma of engineering in materials & mechanics from the Centre d’Etudes Supérieures des Techniques Industrielles (CESTI) in France.

Aguiar Machado, Joao

European Commission – Trade
Member of Commission Staff – services and investment, bilateral trade relations
T: +32 2 2996310

Aichinger, Herbert

European Commission – Environment
Adviser – sustainable development and integration
T: +32 2 2966954

Albath, Lars

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – antitrust and cartels
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2969401
Dr Albath completed his legal studies in Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland. He passed the first state exam in Berlin in 2001, obtained a masters in international trade law from Amsterdam Law School in 2002 and took his doctorate in Berlin, writing a specialist thesis on international trade and investment in electricity and gas in 2004. After passing the second state exam in Berlin in 2004, he worked in the German Federal Ministry of Finance’s unit for European law, based in Berlin, and joined the European Commission in January 2006 as a case handler in DG Competition’s cartels directorate. Dr Albath has published numerous articles on the impact of European law on German tax law and on the country of origin principle.
Selected publications:
Trade and Energy: Investment in the Gas and Electricity Sectors, OGEL Volume 3, issue 02, June 2005
Handel und Investitionen in Strom und Gas, Die Internationalen Regeln, Britz, Gabriele, Reihe: Energie- und Infrastrukturrecht
Munich 2005

Albert, Levente

European Commission – Trade
Policy Desk Officer – policy and negotiations
T: +32 2 2969280

Alcover San Pedro, Amparo

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Spanish)
T: +32 2 2958680

Allix, Jean

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – financial services banking and insurance
T: +32 2 2963179

Alves, Sofia

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – merger policy and scrutiny
Country of origin: Portugal
T: +32 2 2986316
Ms Alves completed her legal studies at Lisbon University (1994) and the College of Europe, Bruges (1995), where she remained for another year as a teaching assistant in the law faculty. She practised law for one year with Vermulst & Waer in Brussels (1997). In 1998 she was recruited as a référendaire at the EC Court of First Instance in Luxembourg. In March 2002 she joined DG Competition in the antitrust unit relating to transport. Since February 2006 she has been a case handler in the policy and scrutiny unit for mergers.
Selected publications:
Commentary on the ECJ case C-450-93 of 17 October 1995 (Kalanke), Revista Juridica n°20, 1996, 179-187

Amarasinha, Stefan

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – WTO dispute settlement/TBR
Case Handler – WTO Dispute Settlement
Country of origin: Denmark
T: +32 2 2991888
Mr Amarasinha works for DG Trade dealing with legal aspects of international trade policy and WTO dispute settlement. He is currently responsible for WTO dispute settlement cases, primarily subsidy and anti-dumping matters. From 1999-2005 he was responsible for negotiations and meetings within the WTO, OECD, and UNCTAD on trade and competition, Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS) and issues relating to the functioning of the WTO. He served as trade co-chair of the OECD joint group on trade and competition from 2001-2005. Mr Amarasinha holds a law degree from the University of Copenhagen and Georgetown University and has taught and lectured extensively on international economic law with particular emphasis on the WTO. He previously worked for Clifford Chance (1998-99), the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1996-98) and the Danish Ministry of Interior (1993-95). He is a member of the international trade law and the law of foreign investment committees of the International Law Association.
Selected publications:
The Long and Winding Road towards Multilateral Investment Rules (co-authored with J. Kokott), for forthcoming Oxford University Press book, 2007; Subsidies and Competition Issues in the WTO – A Brief Tour D’Horizon (Law and Economics in International Trade, Vol. 2, No.1, pp. 27-36, 2005); East is East and West is West and the twain shall never meet: or shall they? (International Antitrust Law & Policy: Annual Proceedings of the Fordham Corporate Law Institute, pp. 603-630, 2003); Moving the trade and competition debate forward (Journal of International Economic Law, 4 (3), p. 481, 2001)
Guatemala – Anti-Dumping Investigation regarding Portland Cement from Mexico, Legal Commentary on the reports of the WTO Panel and Appellate Body, International Trade Law Reports Vol. IV, 3 (1999).

Amato, Filippo

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2954223
Mr Amato is a member of the Commission’s Legal Service with duties including general legal assistance to the Commission and representation and defence of the Commission before the Luxembourg Courts. Mr Amato holds a law degree from the University of Turin (1995), an LLM from the College of Europe, Bruges (1998) and a further LLM from Columbia University School of Law, New York (2001). He arrived at the Commission with a background in private practice, having worked as an associate for Cleary Gottlieb Steen Hamilton’s Brussels office between 1998 and 2000. In 2001 he was recruited as a case handler to DG Competition’s Merger Task Force. Leaving Brussels in 2002, he worked for a year as a référendaire in the cabinet of Advocate-General Antonio Tizzano at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg, returning to DG Competition to work as a case handler, a post that he held until 2004, when he moved to his current position.
Selected publications:
Comment to Articles 82 and 86 of the EC Treaty, Smith & Herzog on the Law of the European Union, LexisNexis, 2006
Wettbewerbsbeschränkung, Kommentar zum europäischen und deutschen Kartellrecht, 2006
Commento agli articoli 81 e 82 Trattato CE, in Commentario ai Trattati CE e UE, p. 518-552, Giuffrè Editore, 2004
International Antitrust: What Future?, World Competition, Vol. 24(4), 2001, p. 451
The Reform of the European Competition Policy Concerning Vertical Restraints, The Antitrust Law Journal, Vol. 69, No 1, 2001, p. 147
Preliminary Analysis Of The Commission’s Reform Concerning Vertical Restraints, Journal of World Competition, 23(2), 5, 2000

Amegah, Martin

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – antitrust and cartels
T: +32 2 2993855

Amilhat, Pierre

European Commission – Trade
Director – market access and industry
T: +32 2 2992054

Ampatzis, S.

European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2952170

Ander, Hakan

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Adviser – enlargement and international issues
T: +32 2 2963104

Aquilina, Jackie

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Malta
T: +32 2 2987988
Ms Aquilina joined the European Commission’s DG Trade in January 2005 and moved to her current position as member of the external relations team of the Legal Service in September 2005. She graduated from the University of Malta in 1993 with a doctor of laws and from the University of Oxford in 1995 with a postgraduate certificate in international law and diplomacy. Before joining the European institutions she held a series of interesting overseas institutional posts. Working from 1995 until 1999 at the permanent mission of Malta to the UN in Geneva, she then moved to the EU directorate of the Maltese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Two years later she joined the permanent representation of Malta to the EU in Brussels (2002-2004).

Arana, Ana

European Commission – Transport and Energy
Head of Unit – electricity and gas
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2964263
Ms Arana is a Spanish lawyer who specialised in European Law at Université Libre de Bruxelles. She worked as a legal consultant and as head of the legal department of a software company before joining the European Commission in 1993 as a civil servant. Within the Commission she worked in DG External Relations in relation to the then newly independent states of the former Soviet Union. She joined DG Competition in 1999, where she first ensured implementation of European antitrust rules in the energy markets, then undergoing liberalisation. Thereafter she scrutinised aid granted to companies by European member states. She currently works in DG Transport and Energy where she heads the department responsible for developing and implementing European rules and legislation for the electricity and gas markets.

Arbault, François

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
T: +32 2 2991235

Autret, Matthieu

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2987858
Mr Autret is a leading case handler in trade defence investigations for DG Trade. He obtained a masters in applied mathematics and finance from École Polytechnique in Palaiseau, France. He also completed a postgraduate degree specialising in public and business administration. Before joining the Commission from 2000-2003 he worked at the Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry in Paris.
Selected publications:
L’information financière en crise: Comptabilité et capitalisme (co-authored with Alfred Galichon and Nicolas Véron) (Editions Odile Jacob, 2004);
Smoke & Mirrors, Inc.: Accounting for Capitalism, (co-authored with Alfred Galichon and Nicolas Véron) (Cornell University Press, 2006)

Avot, Dominique

European Commission – Trade
Hearing Officer
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2995102
From 2007 Ms Avot was appointed as a hearing officer in DG Trade. She joined the Commission in 1988 as a national expert after working firstly as a judge (1980-1985) and then moving to the European Court of Justice where she was employed as a legal secretary (1985-1987). She completed her legal studies at the University of Strasbourg (1968-1972) and the centre d’études juridiques françaises at the Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken (1974-1977), before continuing to do a more specialised legal degree in private law at the Université de Paris II (1976) and finally a magistrates course at l’École Nationale de la Magistrature in Bordeaux (1978-1979). After working for the Commission for close to eight years (1988-1996), she left the institutions for a position as an adviser at the Cour d’Appel in Metz (1996-1997). Returning to DG Trade in 1997, she now has over ten years of institutional experience in this directorate and has recently just taken on the important role of hearing officer.
Selected publications:
Antidumping: préjudice et intérêt de la Communauté (contribution au Dictionnaire Juridique des Communautés européennes, 1993); protection des droits et entreprises directment concernées dans les procédures antidumping communautaires in Revue des Affaires européennes 4-1994).

Baccaro, Vincenzo

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – mergers
Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2965931
Mr Baccaro holds a law degree from the highly rated La Sapienza University of Rome (1991), a postgraduate diploma in law, economics and policies of the European Union from the College of Parma (1992) and followed a postgraduate course on corporate finance and capital markets, at the prestigious Paris Institute of Political Studies, Sciences Po (1997). Before joining the European Commission he worked for four years in the department for banking supervision in the Bank of Italy. It was from there that he moved to DG Competition in 1998, where for three years he was responsible for antitrust issues before moving to his current position on mergers in 2001.
Selected publications:
Competition policy and banking sector in France, in Diritto Comunitario e degli Scambi Internazionali, n°4 1997, Editoriale Scientifica.
Collection and recycling of lead spent batteries in Italy: exclusive rights, environmental needs and competition law in Competition Policy Newsletter, n°1 February 2001, Published by DG COMP, EU Commission
The Commission closes probe into pay-TV industry in Italy approving Newscorp/Telepiù merger deal in Competition Policy Newsletter, n°2 2003, Published by DG COMP, EU Commission
Failing Firm Defence and Lack of Causality: Doctrine and Practice in Europe of Two Closely Related Concepts, European Competition Law Review (ECLR), n1 January 2004.

Bacchiega, Alberto

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – mergers
T: +32 2 2956398

Baervoets, David

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Policy Officer – legal adviser EU policy and international – copyright and knowledge-based economy
T: +32 2 2959821

Baeyens, An

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Desk Officer, policy – regulated professions
T: +32 2 2953695

Balás, Péter P.

European Commission – Trade

Deputy Director General
Country of origin: Hungary
T: +32 2 2995168
Since 2005 Dr Balás has been the deputy director general of DG Trade. Although, not a lawyer by degree, as a director Dr Balás is involved with trade policy implementation. As an alumnus of Budapest University of Economic Sciences, he received three degrees: an undergraduate degree and a doctorate in economics, and a further postgraduate degree in international economics. He is an example of one the Commission’s rare appointments of someone working outside the institutions directly to the position of deputy director. His previous work experience has been gained working for governmental organisations in his home country and abroad. After university, he was recruited by the Czech Republic’s (then Czechoslovakia’s) Ministry of Foreign Trade in Budapest, working as a desk officer on South East Asian relations. From 1978-1982, he moved to Sri Lanka to become a counsellor for the commercial representation of Hungary in Colombo. Between 1982 and 1986, he returned to the Ministry where he was promoted to a director. In 1989 he moved from the ministry to act as a chairman for the meat market analysis group of the International Meat Council. Meanwhile between 1986 and 1991, he continued to pursue his work on international issues by obtaining a position as the deputy head of the GATT representation in Hungary. From 1991-1994, he was promoted to director-general of the Ministry of International Economic Relations, after which he was asked to become the assistant state secretary for the Ministry of Industry and Trade. In 1996, he rejoined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to act as the deputy state secretary for international economic relations, before being made ambassador for the permanent representation of Hungary to the WTO (2002-2005). Within this period he also worked as a chairman to the special session of the WTO’s dispute settlement body as well as chairman of the working group on trade for debt and finance.
Selected publications:
The European Union’s Trade Policy (Economic Sectors and Legal Harmonisation, Osiris, Budapest, 2000); Hungary’s International Economic Strategy (Modern Trends and Strategies in the World Economy, Akademia, Budapest, 2000); Reform and development of the WTO dispute settlement system (Cameron May, 2006)

Balodimos, Athanassios

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Policy Officer – formulation and enforcement of public procurement law
Country of origin: Greece
T: +32 2 2969127
After obtaining his law degree in 1984 from the Law School of the University of Athens he continued his postgraduate studies in Paris, at the University of Paris II from 1984-1986, where he obtained two masters degrees in political science and sociology of law and politics. He worked as a lawyer in Athens until September 1989, before continuing his studies on a scholarship from the Onassis Foundation to the College of Europe in Bruges, where he obtained a masters in European Community Law. He worked in the College as a teaching assistant from September 1990 until May 1993 before joining the European Commission in Brussels, where he still works as an official. From May 1993 until May 1997 he was a member of the legal unit of DG Environment, responsible for the Greek file. From May 1997 until November 2002 he worked for the enlargement unit, responsible for the approximation of laws and all related legal issues of the 13 candidate countries. From November 2002 to date he works in the public procurement unit in DG Internal Market and Services, responsible for the Greek file.

Banasevic, Nichola

European Commission – Competition
Deputy Head of Unit – information industries, internet and consumer electronics
Country of origin: United Kingdom
T: +32 2 2966569
The deputy head of the unit dealing with information industries, internet and consumer electronics in DG Competition, Mr Banasevic studied economics and politics at the University of Bristol (1994), and economics at the College of Europe, Bruges (1995). On completion of his studies he worked at the UK Department of Trade and Industry, but left his post the following year to became a member of the Community staff. He began his career in DG Enlargement and arrived in DG Competition in 2000, where he has held a wide range of important posts before being promoted to his present position.

Banks, Karen

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – legal advisor (English)
T: +32 2 2952824

Barbera Del Rosal, Adolfo

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – information industries, internet and consumer electronics
T: +32 2 2951278

Barslev, Charlotte

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Danish)
T: +32 2 2966542

Belényesi, Pál

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – information industries, internet and consumer electronics
Country of origin: Hungary
T: +32 2 2951066
Mr Belényesi has been a case handler in the unit responsible for information industries, the internet and consumer electronics within DG Competition since 2006. He holds a diploma in international legal studies from the University of Antwerp (2002), a diploma in law from the University of Debrecen in Hungary (2004) and a masters in international, competition and European Law from the European University Institute in Florence (2006). His first contact with the European institutions came with working in the European Parliament from 2003 to 2004. Before joining the Commission he worked in the EU legal department of the Hungarian Ministry of Justice (2004-2005), and the information and communication department of the Hungarian national competition authority (2005).
Selected publications:
VoiP and the decision of the FTC (2005), Infocommunications and Law;
The Relationship between National Competition Laws and EU Competition Rules Acta Juridica Hungarica, Vol 46, 2006;
Exclusionary Price abuses in the EU: a Developmental Approach with regard to Networks, Acta Juridica Hungarica, Vol 47, 2006

Benini, Fabrizia

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – transport
T: +32 2 2966417

Benyon, Frank

European Commission – Legal Service
Director – principal legal advisor (English)
T: +32 2 2958241

 

Berardis-Kayser, Christine

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
T: +32 2 2957785

Bermig, Carsten

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – transport
T: +32 2 2956985

Bernaerts, Inge

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – telecommunications and post, information society coordination
T: +32 2 2951888

Berrozpe Garcia, Carlos

European Commission – Environment
Legal Officer – horizontal coordination on international legal and institutional issues
T: +32 2 2968471

Berscheid, Gerard

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
T: +32 2 2950797

Bessot, Nicolas

European Commission – Competition
Policy Officer (Paralegal) – European competition network and institutional relations
T: +32 2 2997994

Beuve-Mery, Hubert

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – transport
T: +32 2 2969569

Bezirtzoglou, Christos Venizelou

European Commission – Trade
International Relations Assistant – official in charge of relations with third countries
Country of origin: Greece
T: +32 2 2994454
Mr Bezirtzoglou is in charge of relations with third countries in the trade defence instruments unit in DG Trade. He is responsible mainly for relations with Asia and Oceania, as well as for the design, development and management of an EU database management system. He completed a diploma in computing from the municipality of Ilioupolis, Greece; a physics degree from the university of Patras, Greece; four postgraduate computers courses in design, training and software, and he is currently undertaking a doctorate at the Democritus University of Thrace. Prior to joining to the Commission, he was heavily involved in a wide range of computing jobs: freelancing as an IT analyst; training in computer applications; writing a weekly column updating readers on new technological advances, and working in the private sector as an ICT consultant at Alexander Young Horwarth, where he was responsible for the analysis, programming and maintenance of a maritime management information system. In 1994 he was recruited by the European Commission to DG Environment’s nuclear safety and civil protection unit for his computing expertise. From 1998-2001, he transferred over to DG Competition working as the assistant to the director in the unit responsible for information, communications and multimedia. In 2001, he worked briefly as an information and communication technology expert in the secretariat-general for strategic planning and programming before he joined the cabinet of Commissioner Anna Diamantopoulou as an assistant member of her cabinet. His main portfolio responsibilities in the cabinet included transport, energy, research and information society. From 2004-2005, he moved to DG Regional Policy as a desk officer in the unit responsible for innovative actions where he was the coordinator for the Greek regional programmes. Currently, he has moved into a more international trade role as an official in charge of relations with third countries.
Selected publications:
Regional Innovation Excellence in Greece, Region of Western Macedonia (2005); Food Microbiology (University of Ioannina and University of Thrace, 2003); Internal Report, Anti-trust & Liberalisation web sites, DG COMP working group(2001);
Internal Report, A Vision for Information Management, Better Information and Communication Group/MOVE On, DG ENV (1997);
Internal Report, Better Communication Group/MOVE, DG ENV(1996)

Bianco, Valeria

European Commission – Competition
Paralegal support for competition policy development and enforcement – European competition network and institutional relations
T: +32 2 2986529

Biebel, Reinhard

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Policy Officer – company law – accounting
T: +32 2 2955480

Bijlsma-Saelens, Caroline

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Assistant Policy Officer – SOLVIT team member
T: +32 2 2961921

Bindner, Jean-Michel

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler in trade defence instruments proceedings
T: +32 2 2968971

Bitondo, Geiuseppina

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
T: +32 2 2952356

Boelaert, Sonja

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Dutch)
T: +32 2 2985362

Boeshertz, Caroline

European Commission – Competition
Assistant Case Handler – mergers
T: +32 2 2962909

Bordes, Arnaud

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2990021
Mr Bordes obtained a diplôme and a licencié en droit publique from the Institut d’ Etudes Politiques, Bordeaux in 1978. Before joining the Commission he was a French civil servant working in the field of fishery policy (1981-1988). In 1988 he joined the Commission and held successive positions in the fields of agriculture, air transport, trade (negotiations on services) and information society. Since 2000 he has been a member of the Commission’s Legal Service responsible firstly for food safety, before moving to his current position in the external relations unit.

Bottka, Viktor

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Hungarian)
T: +32 2 2986969
Boudot, Geraldine
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
T: +32 2 2998845

Boulouque, Didier

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Assistant – legal affairs assistant
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2950814
Mr Didier holds a masters degree from the University of Paris II (1979). Currently he works as a legal assistant in the better regulation unit dealing amongst other things with requests for access to documentation.

Bouquet, André

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Dutch)
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +32 2 2952541
Mr Bouquet is a member of the European Commission Legal Service competition team (mergers and antitrust cases) since 2002, dealing in particular with cases on energy and on competition aspects of sports. He has litigation experience in cartel cases (main cases Danone, Degussa, FNSEA) sports cases (Piau, Meca Medina) and merger cases (EDP, easyJet). Before joining the Legal Service he worked for twelve years in Euratom Supply Agency, responsible for legal issues and for natural uranium supplies (involvement in ENU and KLE cases). Mr Bouquet has also private practice experience. From 1985-1989 he worked for the Antwerp law firm Kegels Dieryck & Van Looveren (later Dieryck & Van Looveren) and from 1989-1990 for the Brussels law firm Liedekerke, Wolters, Waelbroeck & Kirkpatric. He obtained his legal degrees from the University of Antwerp (1985) and the University of Ghent (1987). Mr Bouquet has written several articles on nuclear law, in particular on nuclear supply provisions and on Euratom ownership (Bulletin of Nuclear law),
Selected publications:
Contribution with R. Wainwright to 2003 Forham Corporate Law Institute “State Intervention and Action in EC Competition Law”, (B. Hawk, Ed 2004), pg. 539-579)

Braun, Gerald

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Austria
T: +32 2 2964978
Dr Braun graduated from the University of Vienna in 1982 with a Doctor iur. and obtained a diploma in political science from the Institute for advanced studies in Vienna in 1985. The following year he carried out research at the University of Paris’ Fondation Nationale de Science Politique with a grant of the French government and chamber of commerce. Returning to the University of Vienna in 1986 to complete his studies in political science and history, obtained a Dphil in 1988 writing a specialist thesis on economic sanctions. In 1993 Dr Braun moved to the US where he undertook a further year of legal studies at the University of Chicago from where he graduated in 1994 with an LLM. From 1987 to 1990 he worked at the Vienna-based Austrian federal ministry responsible for economic affairs and traffic, within the foreign economic affairs department. After this he became a clerk in the Constitutional Court in Vienna. From there he decided to switch to private practice, becoming an associate at Wolf Theiss in Vienna from 1994 to 1995. He subsequently joined Schönherr in Vienna in 1995 and became a partner in 1997. After five years of private practice he joined the Commission’s Legal Service.

Brosteaux, Yves

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
T: +32 2 2957775

Brouwer, Paulus

European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit – legislation and institutional matters
Country of origin: The Netherlands
T: +32 2 2954125
Graduating with an LLM from the University of Leiden in the Netherlands, he is presently the head of the unit for legislation and institutional matters in DG Environment. Straight after university he chose the institutional career path working in the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture before moving to DG Environment in 1994 to work on structural policies, where he remains at present.

Brown, Colin

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – WTO dispute settlement
Country of origin: United Kingdom
T: +32 2 2967350
Mr Brown is a case handler responsible for WTO dispute settlements in DG Trade. In 1992, he obtained an LLB with first class honours from the University of Edinburgh. Completing his postgraduate studies in international relations at the Bologna site of the prestigious John Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies in 1996, he subsequently moved to Belgium where he completed another law degree at the College of Europe, Bruges. In 1999 he was recruited by commercial Belgian firm Van Bael & Bellis. Leaving private practice three years later, he joined the Commission’s Legal Service, where he has worked since.

Bruetschy, Chantal

European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit for Biotechnology, Pesticides and Health
T: +32 2 2962362

Bucella, Pia

European Commission – Environment
Director – communication, legal affairs and civil protection
T: +32 2 2957099

Burgos, Juan

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments – official in charge of relations with industry
T: +32 2 2981079

Caballero Sanz, Francisco

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Head of Unit – free movement of capital and financial integration
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2951168
Mr Caballero Sanz is head of the unit responsible for the free movement of capital and financial integration in DG Internal market and services. He holds a doctorate from the University of Warwick (UK), a doctorate in economics from the University of Valencia and a master’s from the University of Michigan. Before joining DG Internal Market and Services he held a series of senior positions in different DGs, including: Information Society, Competition, Economic and Financial Affairs and in the Cabinet of former Commissioner Marcelino Oreja.

Cabau, Emmanuel

European Commission – Transport and Energy
Policy Officer – electricity and gas
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2994365
Mr Cabau is a graduate from the College of Europe (1992), Bruges. A member of the Paris Bar from 1995 to 2004, he moved to Brussels in 2004, where he works as an administrator in DG Transport and Energy in the Gas and Electricity Unit.
Selected publications:
“EU Competition Law and Energy Markets”, Co-author, Claeys&Casteels, 2005

Calles Sánchez, Alfonso

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal and Policy Affairs Officer – industrial property
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2985640
Mr Calles Sánchez started off his career as an industrial engineer in the private sector (1995-1998), then worked as a patent examiner in the Spanish patent office (2000-2001) and as an associated professor, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid in the industrial production department (2000-2003). In 2001 he joined the cabinet of the Spanish industry minister, where he worked as a technical advisor until 2004. From October 2004 Mr Calles Sánchez has worked in DG Internal Market and Services, in Unit D2-industrial property, dealing with patent issues.

Cantagalli, Mariella

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – WTO dispute settlement/TBR
T: +32 2 2981185

Capra, Alessandra

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Officer – legal advisor
T: +32 2 2961773

Cardoso de Andrade, Ricardo

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
Country of origin: Portugal
T: +32 2 2980100
Mr Cardoso de Andrade holds a degree in Economics from the London School of Economics (2001) and a masters in European Studies from King’s College, London University (2003). Before becoming a case handler in the energy unit of DG Competition, he worked for a year with investment bank UBS Warburg in London (2002) and a further two years with accountancy practice Ernst & Young, also based in the British capital (2003-2005).

Carsin, Bertrand

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Director – public procurement policy
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2955795
Mr Carsin has over 30 years institutional experience and held a wide range of important posts within the European Commission, before becoming a director in the directorate for public procurement policy, DG Internal Market and Services (2003- present). With a postgraduate degree in public law from Université de Paris-Panthéon-Sorbonne (1972), he became a lecturer in institutional and community law at the faculty of law and economic sciences of the University of Rennes and in 1998 became the head lecturer at the École Nationale d’Administration (ENA) in Strasbourg. His career in the European Commission started in 1976 in DG Transport, as an administrator in international road tariff policy. In 1979 he moved to DG Industry and Internal Market, where his main duties involved free circulation of goods and the removal of trade barriers. In 1984 he became deputy head of unit in the same DG particularly focusing on the free circulation of persons, the right of establishment and mutual recognition of diplomas. In 1992 he became head of unit in the task force for human resources, education, training and youth focusing on the development and implementation of continuous training policy, before joining the cabinet of Commissioner Vanni d’Archirafi. In 1995 he became head of the unit for formulation and application of public procurement law in DG Internal Market and Services and in 1997 director of the Directorate for Scientific Advice in DG Health and Consumer Protection (DG SANCO). Equipped with strong legal knowledge and experience Mr Carsin returned to DG Internal Market and Services to become a director in the Directorate for public procurement policy.

Carvalho de Sousa Fialho, Francisco

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Portuguese)
T: +32 2 2966855

Cashman, L.

European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2990325

Castilla Contreras, Flor

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Desk Officer – formulation and enforcement of public procurement law
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2995806
Ms Castilla Contreras has been a case handler and legal desk officer in DG Internal Market and Services since 2003. Before joining the European Commission, she worked in private practice for six years as an associate with Covington & Burling in London (1997-2003). Admitted to both the Spanish bar in 1998 and to the roll of solicitors of England and Wales in 2000, she holds a masters from the Royal Institute of European Studies (1996) and a postgraduate degree in competition law from Kings College, London (2000).

Castillo de la Torre, Fernando

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
T: +32 2 2960064
Spain
Mr Castillo de la Torre graduated from the Alcala de Henares University in 1989 with a degree in law, from the Complutense University, Madrid with a degree in political science (1990) and from the College of Europe, Bruges, with a masters in European Law (1991). After briefly practising law with Van Bael & Bellis in Brussels (1993), he moved to DG Internal Market and Services (1994-1996). He moved to the Commission’s Legal Service in 1996, before spending two years at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg, from where he returned to the Legal Service in 2002.

Cattabriga, Chiara

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Italian)
T: +32 2 2968947

Cervera Navas, Leonardo

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Policy Officer and Legal Adviser in EU Policy and International
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2965859
Mr Cervera Navas obtained his law degree in 1992 and arrived at the Commission in 1999, following a background of seven years of private practice. At first he worked as an administrator in the data protection unit (1999-2005), then in copyright unit (2005) and since then in D1 unit of DG Internal Market and Services, which deals in copyright and the knowledge-based economy.
Selected publications:
The new directive on unfair commercial practices in the internal market as a promising tool for the uptake of binding corporate rules, International Review of Law Computers & Technology, Routledge. November 2006, Volume 20, No 3, p. 1-17
Binding corporate rules: A new date protection tool for multinational companies, World data protection report, BNA International, 2004, Volume 4, No 7, p. 14-18.

Chauve, Philippe

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
T: +32 2 2962013

Christoforou, Theofanis

European Commission – Legal Service
Director – principal legal advisor (Greek)
T: +32 2 2950168

Clark, Ian

European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit – research, science & innovation
T: +32 2 2969094

Clarke-Smith, Bevis

European Commission – Legal Service
Director – principal legal advisor (English)
T: +32 2 2952828

Clement, M.

European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2964045

Coene, Luc

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2958706

Colla, Claudia

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal and Policy Affairs Officer – industrial property
T: +32 2 2988229

Condou, Maria

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Greek)
T: +32 2 2958342

Costa de Oliveira, Piedade

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Portuguese)
T: +32 2 2995340

Costacurta, Nadia

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Policy Officer – regulated professions
T: +32 2 2955923

Coussiou, Elisabeth

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – Revision (Greek)
T: +32 2 2959552

Crivellaro, Giancaro

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments

Crome, Sabine

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – state aid – industrial restructuring
T: +32 2 2993946

Crossland, Hans Gerald

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – codification (English)
T: +32 2 2955746

Cserey, Gyula

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – consumer goods and foodstuffs
T: +32 2 2955141

Cujo, Eglantine

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2957981
Ms Cujo has been member of the Commission’s Legal Service since September 2004. She obtained a maîtrise de droit in public international law from Université Paris X-Nanterre in 1994 and followed a course in public international law at the Hague-based Academy of International Law in the Netherlands in 1994. In 1995 she qualified from the Université de Paris X-Nanterre with a DEA in economic, international and Community law and in 2002 she obtained a doctorate in law from the Université Paris X-Nanterre. Before her recruitment to the Commission Ms Cujo pursued an academic career, lecturing at Université Paris-X-Nanterre and the Institut de Préparation à L’administration Générale from 1995 to 2000. From 1996 to 1997 she worked as a lawyer at the World View Association. Prior to joining the Commission, she was in charge of the mission of the directorate of judicial affairs within the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. She remains academically affiliated, and is currently in charge of the masters course on international legal agreements at the prestigious Institut d’Etudes Politiques in Paris (Sciences Po).
Selected publications:
Les réactions décentralisées de l’Union européenne à l’illicite, E. Cujo, Paris, LGDJ, 587p., à paraître (2007)
“Remarques sur l’article 20 du Traité instituant la Communauté européenne : protection consulaire ou protection diplomatique?”, J.P. Cot, E. Cujo, Mélanges Touscoz, à paraître (2007)
“L’invocation de la responsabilité internationale par les organisations internationales”, E. Cujo, in P. Bodeau, J. Crawford, A. Pellet, S. Szurek (dir.), Droit de la responsabilité internationale, Paris, Pedone, 2006, 18 p. (à paraître)
“Article 69”, in J.P. Cot, A. Pellet, M. Forteau, La Charte des Nations Unies. Commentaire article par article, E. Cujo, Paris, Economica, 2005, xxT: +2363p., pp. 1711-1719
“La nationalisation et l’expropriation”, in P. Daillier, G. de La Pradelle, H. Gherari (dir.), S. Barbier, E. Cujo, Droit de l’économie internationale, Paris, Pedone, 2004, pp. 685-698
“Les réactions des organes politiques”, in H. Ascensio, E. Decaux, A. Pellet (dir.), E. Cujo, M. Forteau, Droit international pénal, Paris, Pedone, 2000, xviT: +1053 p., pp. 663-680
“L’autonomie du recours en indemnité par rapport au recours en annulation. Evolutions jurisprudentielles”, E.Cujo, R.M.C.U.E., juin 1999, n° 429, pp. 414-420

Cultrera, Concetta

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – financial services banking and insurance
T: +32 2 2994814

Cumbo Nacheli Vallecillo, Carolina

European Commission – Trade
Assistant Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2987792

Cunningham, Monica

European Commission – Competition
Formulation and coordination of competition policy and enforcement – antitrust policy and scrutiny
T: +32 2 2980106

Curral, Julian

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – legal advisor
Country of origin: United Kingdom
T: +32 2 2957900
A graduate in law from St Edmund Hall, Oxford University (1973), Mr Curral worked as a barrister between 1974 and 1976 before joining the UK government’s legal service where he worked for the next four year, before joining DG Internal Market and Services in 1980. Three years later he moved to Legal Service where he has remained since. In the course of his career Mr Curral has delivered two courses in EC social law at Université Libre de Bruxelles, and in 1993 he served as a visiting professor at Fordham University, New York, delivering courses on abuse of dominant position under Article 86 of the EC Treaty.
Selected publications:
Some Aspects of the Relation between Articles 30-36 and Article 100 of the EEC Treaty, with a closer look at Optional Harmonisation [1984] YEL 169-205 (Yearbook of European Law, Oxford University Press)
Le Fonds européen de développement régional des origines jusqu’à l’Acte unique européen, 1988 CDE no. 1-2, pp. 39-102 (Cahiers de droit européen, Brussels)
La Communauté et les fonctions publiques nationales (l’article 48§4 du traité CEE), Revue française d’administration publique no. 48, 1988, pp. 57-66
Unlawful Discrimination in Employment – an outline of the European Community Rules and Case-Law, (1990) Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 13-27
Educational rights under the EC Treaty, in Mobility of People in the European Community, Irish Centre for European Law, Trinity College, Dublin, 1989
Bildung und Ausbildung im Recht der Europäischen Gemeinschaft, in Recht der Jugend und des Bildungswesens, Nr. 2/1991, pp. 139-161 (Luchterhand Verlag, D-5450 Neuwied)
Chapters in Groeben, Thiesing, Ehlermann, Kommentar zum EWG-Vertrag, 4th edition, 1991, 4 vols., Nomos Verlagsgessellschaft, D-7570 Baden-Baden, on:
Introduction to the Social Chapter of the EEC Treaty, articles 117-128 (pp. 3269-3306) (with the late Jörn Pipkorn);
Article 117, social policy (pp. 3306-332)(with Jörn Pipkorn);
Article 118, social policy (pp. 3326-3368)
Article 119, equal pay and equal treatment for men and women (pp.3409-3485)
Articles 120-122, miscellaneous social provisions (pp. 3485-3489)
Article 128 [now 127], education and training policy (pp. 3519-3563)
Idem, 5th edition : revised commentaries on Articles 119-122 EC and social protocols of EUT, published May 1999

Dalvin, Allan Gert

European Commission – Trade
Advisor – WTO affairs, OECD and food-related sectors
Country of origin: Denmark
T: +32 2 2992207
Mr Dalvin is the advisor to the director on export credit and export credit insurance in DG Trade. Having completed a masters in economics at the University of Copenhagen, he has worked in the insurance sector for more than 30 years. In 1971, he was a wage negotiator for an academic group in Denmark. In 1972, he became involved with legal policy while working for the official Denmark export promotion unit preparing parliamentary debates about the law on shopping hours. Working for Export Credit Insurance company from 1977, in 1986 he succeeded in obtaining a managerial role as head of the division for the Ministry of Insurance responsible for all medium and long-term insurance. In 1991, he moved to Brussels landing a senior executive role as the head of unit for export issues and export promotion in DG Trade before becoming an advisor.

D’Aprile, Fabrice

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler active in monitoring and follow-up of third country TDI actions against the EU
T: +32 2 2985133

de Abreu Rocha, João

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Officer – solvency and legal issues
Country of origin: Portugal
T: +32 2 2961566
Mr de Abreu Rocha started his career in the European Commission in 1987. His first position was in DG Admin, where he stayed until 1990. The next three years he worked at the Secretariat-General and since 1993 he has been working in DG Internal Market. Before joining the European Commission he worked as a lawyer and university assistant, (1983-1987). He holds a law degree from the University of Lisbon (1983) and a post-graduate degree in EU Law from the College of Europe in Brugge (1986).

De Aragao Soares, M.

European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2961947

De Backer, Patrick

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2961861

de Broca, Hubert

European Commission – Competition
Policy Coordinator – formulation and coordination of competition policy and enforcement
T: +32 2 2996660
de la Cruz Inglesias, Lorella
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – legal aspects of trade policy
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2958951
Ms de la Cruz Inglesias is a case handler for legal aspects of trade policy in DG Trade. In 1995, she graduated from the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Leaving her home country on an exchange programme to the University of Essex, UK she obtained a masters in EU law. In 1998-2001, she worked as a researcher at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington DC while completing her post-graduate studies on public international law. Before joining the Commission, she trained at Spanish firm, Gomez-Acebo y Pombo before joining DG Trade in 2001, where she was recruited as a case handler in the market access unit. In 2002-2004, she was offered the position to work in the Canada desk for DG Trade.
Selected publications:
Las comunicaciones amicus curiae en el mecanismo de solución de diferencias de la organización mundial del comercio: el asunto amianto (Amicus Curiae Briefs in the WTO Dispute Settlement System: the asbestos case), Revista Electronica de Estudios Internacionales 3/2001

de la Fuente Garrigosa, Alfonso

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2965741
Mr de la Fuente Garrigosa is a case handler in trade defence instruments in DG Trade. He graduated with a degree in economic sciences, a BA in business administration and a masters in auditing. He continues to test his intellect as he is currently undertaking a doctorate in the economy of the EU while holding down this difficult job. Before joining the Commission, he worked for big five accountancy firm PriceWaterhouseCoopers. Before moving to DG Trade, he worked in DG External Relations and the European Court of Auditors.

de Luyck, Peter

European Commission – Competition
Administrative Assistant – telecommunications and post, information society coordination
T: +32 2 2994875
De Persio, Elsa
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2957282

de Ruyck, William

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler in trade defence instruments proceedings
T: +32 2 2962978

Dejmek, Paulina

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Sweden and Czech Republic
T: +32 2 2991553
Ms Dejmek has been working for the Commission’s Legal Service since the beginning of 2007. With an LLM from Lund University in 2000 and a doctorate in law from Heidelberg University (2002), she joined the European Commission as a legal desk officer in the insurance and pensions unit of DG Internal Market and Services in 2004, four months after the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU. Prior to that she worked for Mannheimer Swartling’s Frankfurt office for a year before a traineeship at DG Internal Market and Services (2001- 2002). From 2002 to 2004 she worked as a legal desk officer in the internal market affairs department of EFTA’s surveillance authority, based in Brussels.

Selected publications:
Books:
Die Europäische Privatgesellschaft und die Dänische Anpartsselskab, eine rechtsvergleichende Analyse von Regelungsmethoden und ausgewählten Problemen in den personalistischen Kapitalgesellschaften (Peter Lang, 2003).
Chapter on Sweden in Kalss ed., Die Übertragung von GmbH-Gesellschaftsanteilen (Linde, 2003).
Chapter on Sweden in Oplustil/Teichmann ed., The European Company all over Europe (De Gruyter, 2004).
Articles:
Distansavtalsdirektivet ger ny svensk lag: distansavtalslagen, Europarättslig Tidskrift no 2/2000 (Swedish).
Det Europeiska Andelsbolaget, Nordisk Tidsskrift for Selskabsret, no 1/2001 (Swedish).
Das künftige Europa und die Europäische Privatgesellschaft, Neue Zeitschrift für Gesellschaftsrecht, no 16/2001 (German).
Die neusten Entwicklungen des schwedischen Aktien- und Übernahmerechts in einer nationalen und europäischen Perspektive, (with Alexander Foerster), Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, no 3/2002. (German).
Den europeiska bolagsrätten, igår, idag, imorgon, Svensk Juristtidning, no 7/2002. (Swedish).
Locus standi of individuals before Community courts under Article 230 (4) EC, illusions and disillusions after the Jégo-Quéré and Union de Pequenos Agricultores judgments, (with Vincent Kronenberger), The European Legal Forum, no 5/2002. (English).
Genomförandet av europabolaget i nationell rätt – lättare sagt än gjort? Europarättslig Tidskrift no 4/2003. (Swedish).
No flying start but a bright future for EU Directive 2003/41/EC, European Business Law Review [2006] 1381. (English).
En inre marknad för tjänstepensioner? – drygt ett år med EG-direktiv 2003/41/EG, Europarättslig Tidskrift no 4/2006. (Swedish).

Dekeyser, Kris

European Commission – Competition
Head of Unit – European competition network and institutional relations
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +32 2 2954206
Mr Dekeyser studied law, politics and philology at the universities of Leuven and Brussels. Since September 2003, he has been the head of the unit in charge of the European Competition Network within DG Competition . He also leads the internal coordination of cartel cases and is closely involved in the development of the Commission’s policy on cartels (in close cooperation with the EU’s cartel directorate). Since October 2006, he has also been responsible for the private enforcement initiative (helping to encourage the wider use of damages actions for breach of the EC antitrust rules). From 2000 to 2003, Mr Dekeyser served as deputy head of unit of the general policy and coordination unit within DG Competition, where he was responsible for internal coordination of individual cases in the field of mergers and anti-trust. Mr Dekeyser has published regularly on competition policy issues, and in particular on the new enforcement system for articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty introduced by Regulation 1/2003. He has also written various articles on the cooperation between antitrust enforcers in the European Competition Network (ECN) and on related topics.

Delbeke, Jos

European Commission – Environment
Director – market based instruments including greenhouse gas emissions trading
T: +32 2 2968804

Delsaux, Pierre

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Acting Director – free movement of capital, company law and corporate governance
T: +32 2 2965472

Demataki, Glykeria

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – antitrust and cartels
T: +32 2 2953334

Devigne, Luc Pierre

European Commission – Trade
Head of Unit – new technologies, intellectual property, public procurement
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2991873
Mr Devigne is the head of unit for intellectual property, government procurement, new technologies and aerospace industries in DG Trade. He holds a masters and further postgraduate qualifications in economic law from the University of Louvain. His professional experience before joining the Commission entailed a career in corporate finance, focusing on mergers and acquisitions. He joined the Commission in 1996, where his institutional career has always been in DG Trade, first in the anti-dumping unit (1996-1999) then aerospace issues (1999-2002) and before being promoted to a more senior role as the executive assistant to the director-general of DG Trade (2002-2005).

Diderich, Christian

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Dutch)
T: +32 2 2966777

Dimitriou, Iro

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Greek)
T: +32 2 2960151

Dintilhac, Franck France

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2966234
Mr Dintilhac has been a member of the Legal Service of the European Commission since 2003. Equipped with a masters degree in law from the University of Reims (1982), a DEA de droit communautaire from the University of Paris I (1983) and a Diploma of European Studies from the College of Europe in Bruges (1984), he briefly practised law as a member of the Paris bar for two years. In 1989 he moved to Luxembourg, where he embarked on his institutional career as a référendaire (judge’s assistant) in the EC Court of First Instance. In 1991 he moved to Brussels and joined DG Internal Market and Services, from where he moved to his current position in the Legal Service.
Selected publications:
Contributor to the Encyclopédie juridique de droit Communautaire, Dalloz

Djekane, Louisa

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2981340

Docksey, Christopher

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – legal advisor (English)
T: +32 2 2985682

Doherty, Barry

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (English)
T: +32 2 2985682

Dohms, Rüdiger

European Commission – Competition
Deputy Head of Unit – distributive trades and other services
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2955984
Dr Dohms is deputy head of unit D-3 in DG Competition, dealing with the liberal professions, sports, the environment and health care services. He obtained his law degree in Germany at Passau University and a degree in legal studies from King’s College, London, in 1986. He continued his studies at the College of Europe, Bruges, taking a masters in European law in 1990. In 2001 he obtained a doctorate in law from the Free University in Berlin. Before joining the European institutions he worked a rechtsreferendar and assistant to the professor of European Community Law at Passau University, Germany (1989-1993). In 1993 he became an official in DG Competition’s energy unit (1993-1998), subsequently moving through the legislative, policy and coordination units (1998-2003), before taking up his current position.
Selected publications:
Artikel 86 EG-Vertrag (Kommentar), in Wiedemann, Handbuch des Kartellrechts, 2.Auflage 2007.

Drabbe, Humbert

European Commission – Competition
Director – State aid – cohesion and competitiveness
Country of origin: The Netherlands
T: +32 2 2950060
Since 2003 Mr Drabbe has been director in the state aid unit responsible for cohesion and competitiveness within DG Competition. A graduate of Leiden University in administrative and constitutional law (1973) Mr Drabbe worked for fifteen years for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1974-1979) and for the Ministry of Finance, both in The Hague (1979-1989). He joined the Commission in 1989, where he was entrusted with the position of the head of unit in DG Internal Market and Services. Since 1994 he has been a director in DG Competition.
Selected publications:
EC Insurance Law, Co-editor, Kluwer Amsterdam Financial Series

Dragone-Birocchi, Stefania

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Italian)
T: +32 2 2960056

Driessen, Marc

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade Defence instruments investigations
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +32 2 2984400
Since June 2006, Mr Driessen has been employed as a case handler for trade defence instruments in DG Trade. He graduated in accountancy at the Brussels-based École Pratique des Hautes Études Commerciales. His previous work experience before joining the Commission was with Cubic in Brussels (1996-1997), as a financial consultant, at Arthur Andersen in Brussels (1997-2000), and as an accountant at Millipore in Strasbourg (2000-2001). Before joining DG Trade, his first institutional post was in DG Aidco for two years (2002-2004). Although not a lawyer by profession, his position as a case handler has direct legal relevance when assisting in formulating trade policies that enable legislation to be developed and implemented.

Ducoulombier, Eric

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Deputy Head of Unit – retail issues, consumer policy and payment systems
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2965467
Mr Ducoulombier holds a Maïtrise and Diplôme d’Études Approfondies (DEA) in European and International Law from the University of LILLE II, France (1984). He started his career at Arthur Andersen (1988-1990) and then moved to De Backer & Partners Law Firm (1990-1992). Since 1992 he has held various positions in DG Internal market (banking, e-commerce, consumer policy). Today Mr Ducoulombier is deputy head of unit in DG Internal Market in charge of retail financial services and consumer policy.

Ebeling, J-W.

European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2993057

Eberl, Peter

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – mergers
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2960783
Mr Eberl is case officer in DG Competition, based in the unit responsible for merger control in the communications and media sectors. He himself deals mainly with mergers in the energy and consumer products sectors. Mr Eberl holds a legal degree from the University of Bayreuth, Germany, a degree in international law from the University of Aix-en-Provence, and a DEA in community law from the University of Rennes. He practiced law in an international law firm before becoming a member of the institutional staff.

Egerer, Claudia

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (German)
T: +32 2 2964767

Eggers, Barbara

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2991794

Ehring, Lothar

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – WTO dispute settlement
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2995414
Mr Ehring works in the unit responsible for the legal aspects of trade policy. He is responsible for answering general questions of WTO law, in particular the strategic and legal conduct of WTO disputes in dispute settlement. He is the EC negotiator for the reform of the dispute settlement procedures of the WTO. He is also responsible for substantive responses to legal questions on agriculture, trade and non-discrimination issues. Before joining the Commission, Mr Ehring held a prestigious post in the legal affairs division of the WTO secretariat, working for the appellate body of secretariat.
Selected publications:
The Authoritative Interpretation under Article IX:2 of the WTO Agreement: Current law, Practice and Possible Improvements (with Claus-Dieter Ehlermann) (8 Journal of International Economic Law 803-824, 2005); Decision-Making in the WTO, Is the Consensus Practice of the World Trade Organization Adequate for Making, Revising and Implementing Rules on International Trade?(with Claus-Dieter Ehlermann) (8 Journal of International Economic Law 51-75, 2005); A Handbook on the WTO Dispute Settlement System (the World Trade Organization, 2004);
WTO Dispute Settlement and Competition Law – Views from the Perspective of the Appellate Body’s Experience (with Claus-Dieter Ehlermann) (26 Fordham Int’l L.J. 1505, 2003); De Facto Discrimination in WTO Law: National and Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment – or Equal Treatment?(36 Journal of World Trade 921-977, 2002)

Elaut, Karine

European Commission – Competition
Policy Coordinator – paralegal support for competition policy development and enforcement
T: +32 2 2959685
Ellard, David
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal and Policy Affairs Officer – industrial property
T: +32 2 2963181

Emberger, Geraldine

European Commission – Competition
Policy Desk Officer – formulation of competition policy at international level – international relations
T: +32 2 2992068

Emsbach, Christoph

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – financial services banking and insurance
T: +32 2 2969757

Enegren, Johan

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Sweden
T: +32 2 2996816
Graduating in law from Stockholm University in 1977, where he had previously taken an arts degree, Mr Enegren was employed in 1978 as a law clerk at the Södertälje district court before moving to the Svea court of appeal. In 1980 he switched to the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, where he stayed for another 17 years. His career in the European institutions began in 1997 with a post at the European Economic and Social Committee. In 2000 he was recruited to the Commission’s Legal Service. Joining as a member of the external relations team, he moved to his current position within the employment and social affairs team in 2005.

Erlbacher, Friedrich

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (German)
T: +32 2 2950307

Ermacora, Florian

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Desk Officer – formulation and enforcement of public procurement law
Country of origin: Austria
T: +32 2 2985126
Dr Florian Ermacora studied law at the Universities of Innsbruck, Vienna and Paris. Between 1996 and 2000 he worked as an official of the European Commission in the waste management unit of DG Environment (part of his responsibilities covered the drafting of the EC Directives on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment and on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment). Between 2001 and 2004 Dr Ermacora worked for an Austrian Law Firm in Vienna, focusing on the energy, civil law and environmental sectors. He completed his bar examinations in 2003. Since 2004 Dr Ermacora has been working for DG Internal Market of the European Commission on public private partnerships and EC law on public contracts and concessions. He has published various articles and books on EC environmental and economic law.

Escobar, Luis

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(Spanish)
T: +32 2 2954087

Fages, Geraldine

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Officer – services
T: +32 2 2961978

Falkenberg, Karl Friedrich

European Commission – Environment
Deputy Director General
T: +32 2 2992220

Farivar, Rita

European Commission – Competition
Case Assistant – basic industries, chemicals and pharmaceuticals
T: +32 2 2999039

Fink, Erika

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
T: +32 2 2951572

Flynn, Leo

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(English)
T: +32 2 2969902

Font Galarza, Andrés

European Commission – Competition
Deputy Head of Unit – consumer goods and foodstuffs
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2951948
Mr Andrés Font Galarza is currently deputy head of unit at DG Competition of the European Commission in the unit in charge of enforcing EC competition law (Articles 81, 82, 86 of the EC Treaty and, occasionally, the EC Merger Regulation) in the sector responsible for consumer goods (textiles, footwear, household articles, watches, jewellery, construction and medical products including biotechnology), and foodstuffs (both processed and unprocessed), including related matters at wholesale and retail level. The unit has a particular enforcement focus on cartels and analysis of unilateral conduct by companies with market power. Mr Font Galarza’s management position also requires liaison with institutions such as national competition authorities, national regulatory authorities, market players and their legal and economic advisers. Before embarking on his career in the Commission, he completed his legal studies at the University of Valencia (1986), became a qualified barrister at the Valencia bar in January 1987 and stayed in Spain for another three years, where he worked as a legal adviser. In 1990 he he left Spain for Belgium and obtained an LLM in European Community law from the College of Europe, Bruges. He started his work in the institutions the year after graduating, beginning in DG Internal Market with the division responsible for the enforcement of article 28 of the EC Treaty. Barriers to trade (November 1991 to August 1995 as legal researcher of the College of Europe. It was from there that he moved to DG Competition, where he had a wide range of important posts in the following units: the Merger Task Force (1995-1998); unit C-2, media and music publishing, Articles 81/82 of the EC Treaty (1999-2001); unit C-3, information industries and consumer electronics and software, Articles 81/82 of the EC Treaty (2001-2002); unit A-4, international affairs, OECD, ICN (anti-trust and cartels working groups); China and Korea, in the trade unit (2002-2004); and finally deputy head of unit E-1, consumer goods and foodstuffs (2004-to present). Mr Font Galarza is also a regular speaker and is a visiting lecturer at the Escuela Iberoamericana del Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia in Spain (2004-2006); he has also written for a wide range of publications.
Selected publications:
El asunto Samsung: Las facultades sancionadoras de la Comisión en virtud del Reglamento comunitario de concentraciones, Boletín Latinoamericano de Competencia n° 4, Agosto 1998
The Commission’s assessment of the Eurovision system pursuant to Article 81 EC, Competition Policy Newsletter, June 2000
The British Interactive Broadcasting Decision and the application of competition rules to the new digital interactive television services, Competition Policy Newsletter, October 2000
Mergers and Joint Ventures in the New Economy, IBC, March 2001
General lessons from the EU antitrust experience for the Latin-American antitrust emerging systems. Cancún/IBA November 2001. International Business Lawyer, 2002.
The interface between antitrust and Intellectual Property Rights. A quest for coherence. International Business Lawyer, 2002
The interface between competition policy and international trade liberalisation. Looking into the future: Applying a new virtual anti-trust standard. World Competition, March 2004, authors: Kirtikumar Mehta, Benoît Durand, Andrés Font-Galarza

Fornari, Domenico

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2999795

Forzano, Alessandra

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – state aid and regional aid
T: +32 2 2999142

Frena, Sabine

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments investigations
T: +32 2 2985662

Fries, Sybilla

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service, EU Delegation Geneva, Switzerland
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2991111
After two years of private practice at Covington & Burling’s Brussels Office, Ms Fries became a member of the Commission’s Legal Service external relations team in 2000. She was recruited to her current post in 2006 as a first secretary with responsibility for legal affairs at the EU delegation to Geneva. Ms Fries graduated from the University of Paris I with a maîtrise en droit in 1991 and from the University of München in 2000 with a Doctor iur. She passed the first German state exam in 1993 and the second state exam in 1996.
Selected publications:
Contributor in “The European Union and Conflict Prevention”, Article: Conflict Prevention and Human Rights, Edited by Vincent Kronenberger and Jan Wouters (2004).
Die Grundrechtsbindung der Mitgliedstaaten nach dem Gemeinschaftsrecht, Herbert Utz Verlag (2002).
A Human Rights Policy for the European Community and Union: The Question of Competences, with J.H.H. Weiler, in Alston, Buscello, Heenan (edrs) The EU and human rights. Oxford (1999).
Citizenship of the Union: First Steps in the Court of Justice, with Jo ShawEuropean Public Law (EPL) 4/1998 (1998)

Friess, Bernhard

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Head of Unit responsible for internal market strategy and competitiveness
T: +32 2 2956038

Fritz, Katalin

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments – enforcement official
T: +32 2 2957060

Frontini, Gaspar

European Commission – Trade
Head of Unit – commercial analysis
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2992682
Mr Frontini is a head of unit in DG Trade. He holds a degree from the prestigious Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po) in Paris; from where he also obtained a diploma in further economic studies and a doctorate in economics. Having been educated in both countries Mr Frontini speaks fluent French and Spanish. He has had a steady career in the EU institutions since 1986 when he was first recruited into the economics unit of DG Internal Market and Industrial Affairs. From 1986-1993, he moved to DG Development where he worked as a desk officer for several west African countries, including the Ivory Coast, Benin and Liberia. He was responsible for managing aid allocations to these countries and monitoring relations between them and the EU. From 1994-1997, he transferred within DG Development to the unit concerned with planning and programming. In 1997, after over ten years within that DG he was promoted to be assistant to the director general. From 1999-2003, he was further promoted to senior managerial roles as the head of the Caribbean unit, the regional affairs unit and the overseas countries and territories unit in DG Development. In 2003, he left DG Development after 20 years moving on to DG Trade where he is currently the head of chief economist’s unit dealing with commercial analysis.
Selected publications:
Towards a more effective conditionality, an operational framework (World Development Vol. 27, N° 2, pp. 285-299, 1999)

Furminieux, Fabienne

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2965923

Gadas, Richard

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – mergers
T: +32 2 2980572

Galand, Christophe

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – state aid – industrial restructuring
T: +32 2 2988458

Galle, Kurt

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments investigations
T: +32 2 2955532

Garcia Bercero, Ignacio

European Commission – Trade
Director – development and management of trade relations with neighbourhood countries and with south-east Asia – bilateral trade relations
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2995661
Mr Garcia Bercero is the director for sustainable development and bilateral trade relations within DG Trade and has been working for the Commission for over 20 years. He graduated in law from the Universidad Complutense in Madrid and subsequently went on to complete a Master of Laws at University College, London, where he received a distinction. In 1987, he was recruited into the Commission as an administrator dealing with multilateral trade policies and questions relating to the GATT and OECD within DG Trade. From 1993-1997, he left Brussels to act as a counsellor for the economic and social affairs committee in the European Community’s New York delegation; his duties included regular participation in UN conferences on environment and social development. Returning to Brussels in 1997, he was posted to a managerial position as deputy head of the unit responsible for the overall coordination of WTO Policy. Essentially, he was the chief negotiator on trade and competition issues with regards to WTO policy. From 2001-2005, he was promoted to head of unit within the same field of expertise: WTO dispute settlement and trade barriers regulations. In 2005, he was promoted to his current position, one of the highest executive positions within the Commission: the director
of DG Trade.
Selected publications:
Trade Laws, GATT and the management of trade disputes between the US and the EEC, Yearbook of European Law 1985 (1986);
Review of Selective Safeguard Measures in Multilateral Trade Relations, MCEJ Bronckers, Yearbook of European Law 1986 (1987);
Comercioy Medioambiente, Información Commercial Española, Special number 1992 on Economy and the Environment; Perspectivas de Reforma en los grandes Organismos Económicos Internacionales, Anuario Internacional, IDDB 1995;
Comercio y Competencia, Informacion Comercial Española (Special issue 2000 on New issues in WTO);
Functioning of WTO System: Elements for possible WTO institutional reform, International trade law and regulation, August 2000;
Moving the Trade and Competition debate forward (with S. Amarasinha), Journal of International Economic Law, 2001; DSU Reform Why Have Negotiations to Improve WTO Dispute Settlement Failed So Far and What Are the Underlying Issues? (with P. Garzotti), The Journal of World Investment & Trade, 2005

Garcia Bermudez, Andréts

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – state aid – industrial restructuring
T: +32 2 2990699

Garcia Burgues, Julio

European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit – infringements
T: +32 2 2968763

Gasparinetti, Marco

European Commission – Environment
Legal Policy Officer – clean air and transport
Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2957258
Mr Gasparinetti graduated from the University of Bologna in 1986 with a law degree. He went on to practise corporate law for five years before opting for an institutional career. He started out in the Consumer Policy Service (1991-1996). Equipped with five years’ institutional experience he moved to DG Internal Market in 1996.
Selected publications:
Contributor “La tutela collettiva dei consumatori”, Rivista giuridica dell’ambiente (Article in Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 1995)

Gasparon, Philipp

European Commission – Competition
Case Manager – basic industries, chemicals and pharmaceuticals
T: +32 2 2996114

Gaster, Jens

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal and Policy Affairs Officer – Industrial property
Gauer, Celine
European Commission – Competition
Deputy Head of Unit – antitrust policy and scrutiny
T: +32 2 2963919

Gee, Alexander

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
T: +32 0 2962082

Gerzsenyi, Gabriella

European Commission – Environment
Policy Officer – legal expert
Country of origin: Hungary
T: +32 2 2968012
Ms Gerzsenyi is a legal policy officer in DG Environment responsible for giving legal advice on environmental law, in particular on industrial emissions legislation and Commission procedures. She chiefly deals with conformity, checking that the transposition of EU law into national legislation and penalties are uniform. She is a law graduate from Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. Before joining the Commission, Ms Gerzsenyi worked for the Ministry of Environment and Water in Hungary. She joined the Commission in 2003 as a trainee and is now a lead legal policy officer in DG Environment.
Selected publications:
Constitutional status of the Hungarian prosecution (Studia Collegii de Stephano Bibó nominati, Budapest, 1999); Education of juveniles in prison (Journal of prosecutors, 2/2000)
Criminal and criminal procedural law of juveniles in the Hungarian legal system (Studia Collegii de Stephano Bibó nominati, Budapest, 2001); From Rio to Kyoto (European Law 3/2004); Article series on EU news (European Law between 2001-2005); Adaptation of Industrial Plants to the Best Available Technology (Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law, 4/2006)

Giolito, Christophe

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
T: +32 2 2954835
Mr Giolito obtained masters degrees in law from both Paris (1988) and the College of Europe, Bruges (1990). Since 1999 he has been a member of the Commission’s Legal Service, currently working in the state aid team. He provides internal legal advice to the Commission on state aid issues and defends the Commission before the Luxembourg courts on important state aid cases. Mr Gioloto practised law from 1990 to 1992 and from 1994 to 1995 in Paris and Neuilly-sur-Seine (being admitted to the Bar in 1994). Between 1992 to 1994 he was a member of the research division at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg and from 1995 to 1998 he returned to the European Court of Justice to work as a référendaire for the first Swedish judge. Before joining the Legal Service he worked for a year within a legal unit of DG Industry (1998-1999).
Selected publications:
State Aid law chronicles for “Concurrences” (Revue des droits de la concurrence)
Comments on the Treaties establishing the European Union and the European Community, Herbling & Lichtenhahn, January 2000
Procedure in European competition law: JCP-Semaine Juridique, CDE 1/97 (Co-author)
Community law chronicles for the Editions Francis Lefebvre from 1992 to 1997

Golinski, Jacek

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Officer – services
T: +32 2 2980752

Greenaway, Sean

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – financial services banking and insurance
T: +32 2 2961668

Gremminger, Michael

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – transport
T: +32 2 2953578

Grimeaud, D.

European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2964044

Gross, Kilian

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2950385
A member of the Commission’s Legal Service since 1999, Mr Gross passed his first legal state exam in Cologne in 1994. He obtained an LLM from the College of Europe, Bruges in 1995, and passed his second legal state exam in Berlin in 1997. Before joining the Commission, he spent a year working as an in-house lawyer for a multinational company, with responsibility for competition law matters.

Gruenheid, Sabine

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (German)
T: +32 2 2966071

Grunwald, Juergen

European Commission – Legal Service
Director – principal legal advisor (German)
T: +32 2 2958263

Guerra e Andrade, Pedro

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision
(Portuguese)
T: +32 2 2959415

Guidicelli, Corinne

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Policy Officer – regulated professions
T: +32 2 2951665

Hadjiyiannis, Ioannis

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(Greece)
T: +32 2 2980247

Hamell, Michael

European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit for Agriculture and Soil
T: +32 2 2959826

Hanley, Nicholas J.

European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit- communication and governance
Country of origin: United Kingdom
T: +32 2 2968703
Mr Hanley the head of unit for communication and governance is responsible for implementing community environmental legislation. Having graduated from the University of Lancaster in biological science he completed three subsequent postgraduate degrees at the University of Oxford, Chelmer Institute of Higher Education and a management diploma at North East London Polytechnic. During and in between his higher degrees, he worked as a planning officer in England. In 1985, he moved to a more senior planning role as the deputy to the regional officer for the Countryside Commission’s regional office for East Anglia. In 1988 he moved to Brussels, where he was offered a post at the European Parliament Committee for Regional Policy. From 1989 to 1994, he worked for DG Environment, heading the urban environment team whose responsibilities included dealing with legislative proposals for air and noise pollution. He was responsible for launching the Auto Oil exercise, which represented a new approach to preparing legislation based on scientific and economic assessment. In 1994, for one year he became a member of Cabinet for the Commissioner of Environment and Fisheries, Yiannis Paleokrassas. He returned to environment in 1995 as the assistant to the director-general and then as the head of the task force for the environment action programme and integration. In 1998, he was promoted to the head of unit where he managed staff and coordinated policy to prepare for the sixth environmental action plan. From 2001-2006 he was again appointed head of unit, however this time for nature and biodiversity where he was responsible for the implementation of community legislation and policy. Another key responsibility he undertook while in this position was as a representative for the EU in international negotiations with respect to nature policies and conventions. Currently, Mr Hanley as head of unit for communication and governance, handles all aspects of communication and external relations, including legal elements relating to access to information. He has recently been involved in negotiating and implementing legislation of the Aarhus Convention, which aims to empower individuals and groups in civil society to participate in an informed and active manner in the protection of the environment and substainable use of resources.

Hariton, Cyril

European Commission – Competition
Chief Economic Analyst
T: +32 2 2958922

Heinrichs, Brigitte

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments – enforcement official – general policy
T: +32 2 2955100

Heinzelmann-Haeger, Ines

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments – enforcement official
T: +32 2 2952213

Heller, Muriel

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (German)
T: +32 2 2987574

Herrmann, Katarzyna

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Poland and Germany
T: +32 2 2980228
Ms Herrmann joined the Commission’s Legal Service in March 2005. She worked for the Legal Service of the European Parliament in 2003 and the in-house department of the European Investment Bank during 2004. Ms Herrmann holds an LLM in German law from the Viadrina European University in Frankfurt (1999), a maîtrise de droit publique from the University of Metz (2000), a Magister prawa from the University of Poznan (2001) and a DES en droit européen from the Institute of European Studies at the Free University of Brussels (2002).

Herzeele, Michel

European Commission – Transport and Energy
Policy Officer – radiation protection (Luxembourg)
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +35 2 430136396
Mr Herzeele holds a masters degree in European legal studies (2001) from the European Institute of Public Administration in Luxembourg, University of Nancy 2 and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Mr Herzeele worked as an industrial engineer at the Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, part of the Department for the Environment in Brussels (1978-1982) before opting for a career in the European Commission. His professional experience in the European Institutions include DG Transport and Energy Luxembourg, where he worked as a nuclear inspector from 1982 to 1990. In 1990 he was recruited as a policy desk officer in the radiation protection unit of DG Environment until 2003 and of DGTransport and Energy until 2006. Since 2006 he has been policy desk officer in DG Transport and Energy in unit H4, dealing with radioactivity in foodstuffs and the implementation of Article 37 of Euratom.
Selected publications:
The European Commission and the directives laying down the basic standards in radiation protection, Janssens A., Herzeele M., Contrôle: la Revue de l’Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire No 167, France, Décembre 2005, p. 48-51
Twenty Years after Chernobyl: The role of the European Union, Herzeele M., Janssens A., Annales de l’Association Belge de Radioprotection, Vol. 31, No 2, 2006, p. 49-58

Hilbrecht, Heinz

European Commission – Transport and Energy
Director – conventional sources of energy
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2968174
Currently a director of conventional sources of energy in DG Transport and Energy, Mr Hilbrecht has a colourful history of institutional posts since 1980. Following a seven-year career with the Ministry for Economic Affairs and Transport of the Saarland, Saarbrücken, he embarked on a career in the Commission which has been virtually unbroken. From 1980 to 1986 he worked for DG Energy, but in 1986 he left Brussels to join the EU delegation to Washington DC. He returned to Brussels four years later to become an assistant to the director-general for personnel and administration. Since 1991 he has been promoted to a series of senior positions, as head of the unit dealing with aviation policy, then head of railway policy unit (1996), director of land transport (1999), director of trans-European networks (2004) and finally director of conventional sources of energy. His list of publications include numerous speeches and articles. Mr Hilbrecht holds a diploma in economics from the University Saarbrücken (1973).

Hoffmeister, Frank

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2993727
Mr Hoffmeister has law degrees from the Goethe University in Frankfurt (1991), the University of Geneva (1992) and the University of Heidelberg (1994). In 1994 he passed the German first state exam. From 1994 to 1996 he was a researcher on foreign public law and international law at the prestigious Max Planck Institute in Heidelberg. He completed a thesis on human rights and democracy clauses in EC agreements with third states, obtaining a doctorate in jurisprudence at the University of Heidelberg in 1998, and passed the second state exams in 1998. From 1999 to 2001 he worked at the Walter Hallstein Institute for European Constitutional Law in Berlin, and was subsequently recruited to join the Cyprus team in DG Enlargement. In 2002 he moved to the external relations team in the Commission’s Legal Service. Since 2006 he has also served as a visiting professor at the Vrije Universiteit in Brussels, teaching on general and economic international law. Mr Hoffmeister has undertaken secondments to the German Federal Ministry of Justice in Berlin, the German Foreign Office in Singapore and the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg.

Selected publications:
Monographs
Public Liability for Environmental Damage, German Law, Comparative Law and Proposals de lege ferenda, Federal Ministry for the Protection of the Environment, Berlin 2002, p. 308
Legal Aspects of the Cyprus problem – Annan Plan and EU accession (Kluwer Law International, forthcoming 2006).
Articles
Art. 10 ECHR in the jurisprudence of the European Court on Human Rights 1994-1999, Europäische Grundrechtezeitschrift (European Human Rights Journal) 2000, 358-369 (G).
The UN Tribunal for ex-Yugoslavia – the significance of the case law for general international law, in: Hoffmeister/Papenfuß/Weiss u.a. (ed.), Jahrestagung des UN-Forschungskreises 2000, Potsdam 2001, 3 – 10 (G).
The European Convention on Human Rights and its Significance for Germany, Der Staat 2001, 349-381 (G).
EU Human Rights and Democracy Foreign Policy, Die Union 1/2001, 87-95 (G).
Ingolf Pernice/Frank Hoffmeister, The Division of Economic Policy Powers Between the European Community and its Member States, status quo and proposals de lege ferenda, in: A. v. Bogdandy and others (ed.), Festschrift für Claus-Dieter Ehlermann, 2002, 363-382 (E).
The Role of the European Commission in the enlargement process, in: F. Merli (Hrsg.), Die Osterweiterung der EU in der Praxis, Dresden 2002, 33-44 (G).
Earlier Enlargements, in: A. Ott/K. Inglis (Hrsg.), Handbook on European Enlargement, Den Haag 2002, 87-89 (E).
Changing Requirements for membership, in: A. Ott/K. Inglis (Hrsg.), Handbook on European Enlargement, Den Haag 2002, 90-102 (E).
International Agreements in the Legal Orders or the Candidate Countries, in: A. Ott/K. Inglis (Hrsg.), Handbook on European Enlargement, Den Haag 2002, 209-220 (E).
General Principles of the Europe Agreements and the Association Agreements with Cyprus, Malta and Turkey, in: A. Ott/K. Inglis (Hrsg.), Handbook on European Enlargement, Den Haag 2002, 349-366 (E).
Les clauses des droits de l’Homme et leurs implications dans les relations euro-maghrébines, in: Revue Marocaine d’Administration Locale et de Développement, Thèmes Actuels 42/2003: Le partenariat euro-maghrébin – Les accords d’association entre l’UE et les pays du Maghreb, 137-145 (F).
The proposal for a statute on environmental liability, in : Umweltbundesamt (ed.), Haftung als Instrument des Umweltschutzes, Berlin 2003, 59-66 (G).
European Rights: Citizen Rights or Human Rights?, in: Jack Demaine (ed.), Citizenship and Political Education Today, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2004, pp. 124-140 (E).
Monitoring Minority Rights in the enlarged European Union, in: Gabriel v. Toggenburg (Hrsg.), Minority Protection and the enlarged European Union: The way forward, Open Society Institute, Budapest, 2004, pp. 85-106 (E).
Les relations entre les Etats-Unis et l’Union européenne après le 11 septembre 2001 : aspects de droit international et européen, in : Le devenir du droit international, Actes du Colloque international, Marrakech, les 12 et 13 mars 2004, Revue Marocain d’Administration Locale et de Développement, Thèmes Actuels 48/2004, pp. 91-108 (F).
Macedonia in Europe : Prospects of FYROM’s relations with the EU, in: Gabriella Schubert (ed), Makedonien – Prägungen und Perspektiven, Forschungsreihe zu Südosteuropa Nr. 1, Wiesbaden 2005, pp.181-189 (E).
The protection of minorities in the European Constitution, in: La Rivista delle Scienze politiche, novembre 2005/2-3, pp. 181-194 (I).
Les politiques de coopération au développement et d’assistance économique, technique et financière et les droits de l’homme, in : M. Candela (ed.), Actes du Colloque, L’Union européenne et les droits de l’homme, Liège 2006, 255-268 (F).
The policy of the European Union as regards the countries of the Western Balkans, in : S. Kadelbach, Die Europäische Union als internationaler Akteur, Walter-Hallstein Kolloquium, Frankfurt, 2006, forthcoming.
Frank Hoffmeister/Pieter Jan Kuijper, The status of the European Union – institutional ambiguities and political realities, in: J. Wouters/F.Hoffmeister/T. Ruys (ed.), The United Nations and the European Union – an ever stronger Partnership, The Hague 2006, 1-34.
Frank Hoffmeister/Barbara Eggers: UN-EU cooperation on public health – the evolving participation of the European Union in the World Health Organisation, in: J. Wouters/F.Hoffmeister/T. Ruys (ed.), The United Nations and the European Union – an ever stronger Partnership, The Hague 2006, 155-170.
Jan Wouters/Frank Hoffmeister/Tom Ruys, Epilogue: The UN and the EU – the road to partnership, in: in: J. Wouters/F.Hoffmeister/T. Ruys (ed.), The United Nations and the European Union – an ever stronger Partnership, The Hague 2006, 383-400.

Hellstrom, Per

Head of Unit, Directorate C – Information, communication and media, Information industries, Internet and consumer electronics, DG Competition
T: +32 2 29-66935
Mr Hellstrom was a Commission advocate who appeared in Luxembourg on behalf of the Commission – most notably in its recent Microsoft case – before taking up his current position.

Hooijer, Johannes Jeroen

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Head of Unit responsible for the external dimensions of the internal market
T: +32 2 2955885

Huby, Jean

European Commission – Competition
Assistant ot the Director General
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2998907
Mr Huby is assistant to the director-general of mergers and antitrust in DG Competition. He started his work in the institutions in 2002 as a case officer and stayed at that post until 2005. Originally an engineer he graduated from the prestigious Ecole Polytechnique at des Mines outside Paris in 1999 and obtained a masters degree in economics from Paris University (2002).

Huttunen, Mikko

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Finland
T: +32 2 2992857
Mr Huttunen holds a masters in law from the University of Helsinki (1991) and a doctorate in jurisprudence from the European University Institute, Florence (2000). From 1991 to 1993 he worked as an assistant at the University of Helsinki and for three years afterwards he was a researcher at the European University Institute, Florence. In 1996 he joined DG Employment and Social affairs and four years later the European Commission Legal Service, where he remains. He has published articles and case commentaries in various legal journals on labour law and Community law (in the fields of transport, employment and freedom to provide services).
Selected publications:
Commentary of Articles 70 to 80 EC in “Smit & Herzog on the Law of the European Union” Matthew Bender, ed., LexisNexis, Publisher, 2005

Huvelin, Christine

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (French)
T: +32 2 2955298

Inotai, András

European Commission – Competition
Policy Co-ordinator – formulation and coordination of competition policy and enforcement
T: +32 2 2985042
With degrees from ELTE University in Budapest (2001) and the College of Europe, Bruges (2002). After completing a traineeship with Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Brussels (2003), Mr Inotai joined DG Competition in 2003. His first post was in the unit dealing with telecommunications and post and he subsequently switched to his current post in 2006 as an official in unit A-1, which is responsible for antitrust policy and scrutiny.
Selected publications:
Regulation of electronic communications — time for a review? (with Dirk Grewe, in: Competition Policy Newsletter, Spring 2006)
The consolidation of the internal market for electronic communications in the European Union (in: Gazdaság és Jog, April 2006)
The treatment of captive sales in the electronic communications sector, with special view to the New Regulatory Framework for electronic communications (in: European Competition Law Review, September 2005)
Two Recent Veto Decisions under the New Regulatory Framework for Electronic Communications – The Importance of Competition Law Principles in Market Analysis (with Dirk Grewe and Stefan Kramer, in: Competition Policy Newsletter, Spring 2005)
The restriction of the reception area of broadcasters in the Hungarian Media Act in the light of the electronic communications law of the EC (in: Infokommunikáció és Jog, April 2005)
The economics of market definition in the electronic media sector in the light of EC competition law (in: Gazdaság és Jog, April 2005)
Market definition in the electronic media service sector in the light of the merger control practice of the European Commission (in: Európai Jog, April 2005)
Market analysis under the new regulatory framework for electronic communications: context and principles (with Luca Di Mauro, in: Competition Policy Newsletter, Summer 2004)
The competition law of the European Communities on the eve of changes (in: Jogtudományi Közlöny, 2002. November)
The European Commission’s practice in dealing with concentrations in the telecommunication sector (in: Cég és jog, 2001. December)

Jakas, Marika

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
Country of origin: Finland
T: +32 2 2985021
Presently, Ms Jakas works as a case handler in trade defence instrument investigations in DG Trade. Graduating with a masters degree in economics and business administration at the University of Tampere, Finland, she is not a lawyer by degree. However, as a case handler she works alongside institutional lawyers to formulate policy. Before joining the Commission, she worked for five years at Tyco Electronics, the multi-national group active in telecommunications and electronics. She joined the Commission in 2002 and was first posted to DG Agriculture before moving to DG Trade in 2005.

Jakob, Thinam Carin

European Commission – Trade
Head of Unit – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2962933

Janker, Christoph

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler in trade defence instruments proceedings
T: +32 2 2994278

Janssens, Augustin C. A.

European Commission – Transport and Energy
Head of Unit – radiation protection
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +35 2 430136395
Mr Janssens obtained his PhD In Sciences (nuclear physics) from the University of Ghent in 1977, where he stayed for another eight years to do research in radiation dosimetry and radiation protection in the nuclear physics laboratory. He joined the European Commission in 1985 where he worked for five years at the Safeguards Office, before switching to his present position as head of unit in the radiation and protection unit of DG Transport and Energy. Mr Janssens has a wide range of publications focusing on various scientific matters and on EU work on radiation protection.

Jaspers, Maria

European Commission – Competition
Policy Coordinator – European competition network and institutional relations
T: +32 2 2962577

Javorsky, Jan

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision
Country of origin: Slovakia
T: +32 2 2988135
Mr Javorsky graduated in law from Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Slovakia, in 1998. From 1999 to 2000 he was recruited as a legal adviser in the Ministry of Justice of the Slovak Republic and from 2000 to 2004 he worked as a diplomat and lawyer at the permanent representation of the Slovak Republic to the European Union. He subsequently received an LLM in international and comparative law from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 2004. In July 2004 Mr Javorsky was appointed as a lawyer-linguist at the European Court of Justice. Since October 2006 he has been working as a lawyer linguist at the Commission’s Legal Service. His current responsibilities include examining proposals for Commission legislation to ensure that they are uniform in the languages of the different member states.

Jelinek, Lukas

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Czech)
T: +32 2 2999716

Jimeno Fernández, Fructuoso

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2993698
Formerly a judge at the first instance and criminal court in Cadiz, Spain (1989-1992) and in Marbella (1992-2000) and subsequently senior judge within Spain’s Court of Appeal (2000-2004), Mr Jimeno Fernández joined the European institutions in September 2004, when he was appointed a member of the Commission’s Legal Service. Mr Jimeno Fernández holds a law degree from the Complutense University, Madrid (1980) and a masters in Community law from the University of Malaga (1997).
Selected publications:
La Comisión Europea. Editorial Bosh, 1996
Some thoughts on judicial independence. Judges forum newsletter, 1997
Aspectos esenciales del blanqueo de capitales en el ámbito internacional y comunitario y su transposición al derecho interno. Diario La Ley, 2004.
Algunas reflexiones sobre el principio ne bis in idem y el artículo 54 del Convenio de Aplicación de Schengen. Diario La Ley, 2006

Johansson, Dag

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – mergers
Country of origin: Sweden
T: +32 2 2987543
Mr Johansson is a case handler in DG Competition, working in unit D-4 which deals in services and mergers, and has been on the institutional staff since 1998. With an Msc in business administration and economics from the Lund School of Economics & Management, Lund University, Sweden (1990). He began his career in Sweden as a case handler in the competition ombudsman’s office (1991-1992), as a case handler in the Swedish competition authority (1992-1995) and as a competition expert in the Swedish competition authority (1995-1998). It was from there that he decided to leave Sweden and follow the institutional career path.

Jonsson, Ulf

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Swedish)
T: +32 2 2991714

Jorgensen, Leis

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler active in monitoring and follow-up of third country TDI actions against the EU
T: +32 2 2955860
Joris, Vincent
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
T: +32 2 2965955

Junginger-Dittel, Klaus-Otto

European Commission – Competition
Deputy Head of Unit – regional aid
T: +32 2 2960376
Kallio, Jari
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Desk Officer – policy formulation and enforcement of public procurement law
T: +32 2 2955638

Kalnins, Edgars

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Latvian)
T: +32 2 2992734

Kanska, Klara

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Policy Officer – legal adviser for EU and international Policy
Country of origin: Poland
T: +32 2 2996557
After graduating from the London School of Economics and Political Science with an LLM in European law (with distinction) (2002) Ms Kanska worked as a legal advisor in Graal Literary Agency in Warsaw (2002-2003), while at the same time she delivered lectures in the University of Warsaw as a tutor in European law. Ms Kanska started her work in the European Commission in January 2005 as a legal adviser in the Legal Service, from where she moved to her current position as an administrator in DG Internal Market, Unit D1 (Copyright Law) in June 2006. Since 2003 she has been a PhD Researcher on the “Protection of fundamental rights by the European Union” for the chair of European Law, at the faculty of law and administration at Warsaw University.
Selected publications:
Shifts in International Boundary Rivers’ (as co-author with Rafal Manko), (2002-2003) 26 Polish Yearbook of International Law, pp. 135-155.
Towards Administrative Human Rights in the European Union. Impact of the Charter of Fundamental Rights’, (2004) 10 European Law Journal 296.
Wolves in the Clothing of Sheep? The Case of the European Food Safety Authority’ (2004) 29 European Law Review 711.
Pojecie konsumenta w kodeksie cywilnym na tle tendencji europejskich [The Concept of Consumer in the Civil Code in the Light of European Trends] (2004) 13 Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego 7.
Sadowa kontrola legalnosci aktów prawa Unii Europejskiej [w:] [Judicial Review of Legal Acts of the European Union] [in:] Adam Lazowski (ed.), Unia Europejska. Prawo instytucjonalne i gospodarcze [European Union: Institutional and Economic Law] (2nd ed., Warsaw: ABC, 2006) 627ff.

Karamat, Anna

European Commission – Environment
Legal Policy Officer – infringements
T: +32 2 2953583

Karamitsios, Yannis

European Commission – Environment
Legal Officer – biotechnology, pesticides and health
Country of origin: Greece
T: +32 2 2983089
Mr Karamitsios is a legal policy officer in DG Environment working in relation to biotechnology, pesticides and health. In 1993, he graduated with a law degree from the University of Aristotle in Thessaloniki. In 1999 he went on to complete an LLM at Europa Institut Saarbrucken, Germany. He has always followed an institutional legal path, his previous employment history entailed working as a human rights officer and legal advisor to the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe’s mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina (2000-2003).

Kazatsay, Zoltan

European Commission – Transport and Energy
Deputy Director General
Country of origin: Hungary
T: +32 2 2959172
Following the 2004 admission of the Eastern European States to the EU, Mr Zoltan became deputy director of DG Transport and Energy coordinating transport issues. A civil engineer by training, he started off his career in the private sector as a consultant, specialising in motorway and airport development, before embarking on a fifteen-year career in the Hungarian Ministry of Transport (later Economy and Transport). In 1989 he was recruited as head of division in communication and water management, in charge of project financing, development of large scale infrastructure projects, public procurement and banking activities. Two years later he became deputy secretary of state, in charge of transport policy, infrastructure financing and transport regulatory tasks. From 2000-2004 he was in charge of EU related and international affairs. He was the Hungarian negotiator of the transport chapter of the accession negotiations with the EU, coordinator of transport related regulatory works covering EU legislation and an alternate Hungarian governor for the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. Equipped with valuable experience on the accession processes he arrived in Brussels in December 2004 to become deputy director of DG Transport and Energy. Mr Kazatsay has published numerous articles about transport and/or EU related topics mainly in Hungarian papers (newspapers or professional publications).

Karl, Mogens Peter

European Commission – Environment
Director General Environment
Country of origin: Denmark
T: +32 2 2992205
Mr Karl is the Director-General for DG Environment. Graduating with an MA in Economics from the University of Cambridge and an MBA from INSEAD in Fontainebleau, France, Mr Karl has worked and studied in the UK, France, Switzerland, the US and Belgium. His career has been wholly devoted to European and international public policy issues of direct relevance to European legislation. From 1968-1974, he embarked on his career working for two highly respected international governmental organisations, first UNCTAD in maritime transport then the OECD. Since 1974 Mr Karl is still enjoying life in Brussels, and as a veteran of 33 years he is a senior executive in the Commission. Starting his Commission career in DG Transport, two years later he moved to DG External Relations where he worked for most of his years in the Commission. Close to 24 years of experience within DG External Relations has enabled him to participate in significant international negotiations. In 1976 to 1979 he was involved in the Law of the Sea negotiations at the UN and the EC. In 1979-1983, he was a trade officer for the EC Delegation in Washington. From 1983-1985, he took special personal leave to act as a senior economist at the World Bank in Washington. However, he returned to Brussels in 1985 as head of the division representing the EU as an EC negotiator during the GATT Uruguay round for services, intellectual property/TRIPS and investment. He has focused more particularly on trade policy issues in high technology industries such as the infamous Airbus/Boeing conflict. In 1994 he was the director responsible for international trade policy in all industrial sectors which included intellectual property legislation, government procurement negotiations and third country market access. In 1998 preparing for the launch of the Doha Round he was appointed Deputy Director General for multinational (WTO, OECD) and sectoral trade policy issues. Since 2000 to date he has been the Director General of two DGs, first trade and now environment.

Kellner, Susanne

European Commission – Trade
Head of sector – trade Defence instruments investigations
Country of origin: Austria
T: +32 2 2966079
Ms Kellner is currently working as head of sector in the trade defence instruments unit in DG Trade. Impressively she has completed three law degrees, first graduating from the University in Vienna then undertaking two subsequent degrees in foreign languages at the University of Dijon in France and the Universidad Complutense in Madrid. Before joining DG Trade, she worked in DG Administration for two years.

Keppenne, Jean-Paul

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
T: +32 2 2998377

Khan, Nicholas

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
T: +32 2 2960420
Mr Khan graduated from the University of Southampton in 1982. In 1983 he completed his studies at the Inns of Court School of Law and was called to the bar. From 1986 to 1988 he worked as a legal officer at the UK’s Department of Trade and Industry, embarking on a career in the Commission in 1989, when he joined the Legal Service. Ten years later he returned to London to work as a barrister. With three years’ private practice experience he returned to the Commission’s Legal Service in 2003. Mr Khan has frequently acted as an advocate for the Commission before the Luxembourg courts. His notable cases include Marshall v Southampton [1993] ECR I-4367; United Kingdom v Council (Working time) [1996] ECR I-5755; T-371/94 British Airways v Commission [1998] ECR II-2405; T-89/96 British Steel v Commission and Crehan v Courage [2001] ECR I-6297, T-310/00; Lubbe v Cape, [2000] UKHL 41, [2000] 1 WLR 1545; Government of Gibraltar v European Commission T215/04.
Selected publications:
EC Anti-Trust Procedure (5th Edition, 2005) (with C. Kerse)
EC Anti-Dumping Law – A commentary on Regulation 384/96 (1998) (with W Müller & H-A Neumann)

King, Matthew

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Head of Unit for Programming and Planning
T: +32 2 2955077

Klein, Peter

European Commission – Trade
Head of Unit – trade defence instruments – general policy, complaints office
T: +32 2 2957448

Kloc-Evison, Kamila

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – mergers
T: +32 2 2981806

Klotz, Robert

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
Country of origin:
Germany
T: +32 2 2967153
Mr Klotz graduated from the University of Hamburg in 1990, passed the first legal state exam in 1991, earned his DEA Droit des Affaires from University of Montpellier in 1992, became a Rechtsreferendar (1992-1994) and passed the second legal state exam in 1994. Admitted to the bar in Hamburg, he briefly practised law for two years (1994-1996). He joined the European Commission in 1996, where he has held various posts working on enterprise policy (1996-1997), competition policy affecting telecommunications (1998-2003), before reaching his current position in 2003, which relates to competition policy in the energy sector. Mr Klotz’s main publications include legal commentaries on Articles 81, 82, 86 and 16 ECT as well as the EC regulatory framework for telecommunications and energy.

Koegler, Klaus

European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit – sustainable production and consumption
T: +32 2 2962379

Koivula, Tarja

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Finnish)
T: +32 2 2969395

Koke, Andra

European Commission – Trade
Head of Unit – trade and development
T: +32 2 2967998

Kolassa, Doris

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Policy Officer – financial markets infrastructure
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2921379
Ms Kolassa holds a law degree from the University of Bayreuth, Germany and a pre-degree in economics. She passed the second law exam in 1992. Her professional experience before joining the European Institutions included various positions in Germany, for the period 1992-1994 in a German subsidiary of a foreign bank, in 1995-2004 in the German securities supervisory authority (BAWe, then BaFin), while in 1998 she was seconded to the financial markets and securities unit of the German Ministry of Finance. During the period from 1999 to 2003 she worked as a seconded national expert in DG Market, dealing with undertakings for collective investments in transferable securities, before moving to the financial services unit of the German permanent representation in Brussels (2003-2004). Since the end of 2004 she has been working as an administrator in the financial markets infrastructure unit of DG Internal Market and Services.

Koman, Angelika

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Desk Officer – regulated professions
Country of origin: Austria
T: +32 2 2966579
After obtaining her masters degree in law from the University of Vienna and Salzburg (1989), Ms Koman took a postgraduate diploma on advanced European studies (DAES) from the College of Europe in Bruges (1990). She worked in Brussels for the first time as an intern in the Department of Foreign Affairs in the European Economic and Social Committee (1990-1991), before moving to the European Commission, Directorate General III (Internal market and Industry policy), as a legal researcher for the College of Europe (1991-1993). Equipped with legal knowledge and experience she returned to Austria in 1993 to obtain a position within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in the unit for security policy and western Europe, where she stayed for one year before becoming an associate with Austrian law firms Weiss-Tessbach Rechtsanwälte OEG and Dr Irlinger (1994-1996). She subsequently returned to Brussels to embark on a career with the Commission, initially in DG Competition, in the antitrust unit for transport and transport infrastructure (1996-1999) and then in DG Internal Market, where she held a series of positions in the public procurement unit (1999-2003) and the banking and financial conglomerates unit (2003-2005). She subsequently moved to her current position in the unit dealing with the recognition of professional qualifications (2005 until today). Ms Koman has published in a wide range of journals, focusing mainly on public private partnerships.
Selected publications:
Public-Private Partnerships seen from the viewpoint of European Law, LOGON Final Guide (Local Governments Network), Austrian Association of Cities and Towns, September 2005.
Das Grünbuch der Kommission über Public Private Partnerships: ein weiterer Schritt auf dem Weg zu grösserer Rechtssicherheit, Österreichische Gemeindezeitung (Österreich, Wien), 3/2005.
Aktuelle Maßnahmen der Europäischen Kommission im öffentlichen Auftragswesen, Recht und Praxis der öffentlichen Auftragsvergabe (Österreich, Wien), 3/2004 (Juli 2004), 4. Jahrgang.
Szenarien für die Vergabe öffentlicher Dienstleistungen, Beiträge zur öffentlichen Wirtschaft Band 20, Gesellschaft für öffentliche Wirtschaft (Deutschland, Berlin), September 2003.
Öffentliche Dienstleistungen: Von der klassischen Vergabe bis in die Grauzone, Österreichische Gemeindezeitung (Österreich, Wien), 7/2003.
Binnenmarktstrategie der Kommission für 2003 – 2006: Offenere Märkte für öffentliche Ausschreibungen eine Priorität, Recht und Praxis der öffentlichen Auftragsvergabe RPA (Österreich, Wien), 2T: +3/2003, 3. Jahrgang.
Die Funktionalität des Auftraggeberbegriffes neuerlich bestätigt durch den EuGH, Zeitschrift für deutsches und internationales Bau- und Vergaberecht (Deutschland, Berlin), 26. Jahrgang, 2/2003, February 2003
Die Kommission als Hüterin der Auftragsvergabe, Recht und Praxis der öffentlichen Auftragsvergabe RPA (Österreich, Wien), 3/2002, 2. Jahrgang
La dévolution de la commande publique et les modalités d’intervention de la Commission, La Revue du Trésor (France, Paris), Mensuel N° 2, Février 2002

Konstantinidis, Minas

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Greece
T: +32 2 2958902
Mr Konstantinidis has been a a member of the Commission’s Legal Service since 2002. Originally recruited to the Commission in 1996, when he joined DG Research and Technological Development, he moved to DG Market and Internal Services two years later. A graduate in law from the University of Athens (1991) he took a masters in Community law at the University of Barcelona and San Sebastián in 1992. Prior to his arrival in Brussels, he was in private practice in Athens.
Selected publications:
Commentary of the EC Treaty, Contributor (Sakkoulas, 2006 – in Greek).

Kopiczko, Olga

European Commission – Environment
Legal Officer – horizontal coordination on international legal and institutional issues
T: +32 2 2969993

Koskinen, Iikka

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Finnish)
T: +32 2 2969991

Kovacic, Viktor

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service- revision
Country of origin: Slovenia
T: +32 2 2965158
After completing his legal studies at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, in 2005 he was immediately recruited into the legal service of the Council of the European Union as an assistant lawyer linguist. In 2006 he joined the Commission’s Legal Service as a member of the legal revisers group.

Kraemer, Hannes

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (German)
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2950686
Dr Kraemer became member of the institutional staff in 2000, when he was recruited as a référendaire at the Court of First Instance in Luxembourg (working successively in the cabinets of President Bo Vesterdorf and of Judge Jörg Pirrung). In October 2003 he became member of the Commission’s Legal Service working in the budget, personnel and administration team. Dr Kraemer completed his legal studies at the Universities of Mainz and Heidelberg in 1991, passed the first state exam in 1992, the second state exam in 1994 and took a doctorate in law ‘magna cum laude’ from the University of Heidelberg in 2005. After working as an assistant at the University of Heidelberg’s institute of German and European administrative law between 1992 and 1995, he was recruited as a counsellor at the German Federal Ministry of Justice in 1996, where he worked for four years. Whilst working for the Ministry he participated in the European Council of Ministers’ negotiations surrounding the drafting of the proposals for implementing Directive 96/9/EC on the legal protection of databases, in the negotiations of bi- and multilateral treaties, in the host state agreement between the European Central Bank and Germany and in Schengen-related questions including the preparation of the integration of the ‘Schengen acquis’ into the EU. Dr Kraemer was also seconded to Germany’s permanent representation to the EU. During his time there his duties included judicial cooperation in civil and criminal matters, institutional questions relating to justice and home affairs, sitting on the Council’s ad hoc working group on the Court of Justice and the ‘Friends of the Chair’ group, the reform of the judicial system, and internal market legislation, specifically in the field of intellectual property.
Selected publications:
Das Verwaltungsverfahren und seine Folgen [The administrative procedure and its consequences] (with E. Schmidt-Assmann), in: Revue européenne de droit public, special edition 1993, pp. 99 ss.
Commentary on §§ 4, 23, 53, 63, 87 a – 87 e, 108 und 127 a of the German copyright act [implementation of Directive 96/9/EC on the legal protection of databases], in: Engel-Flechsig, Maennel, Tettenborn, (ed.): Beck’scher IuKDG-Kommentar, Munich 2001
Die Aufhebung bzw. Nichtanwendung administrativer Entscheidungen von Gemeinschaftsorganen durch mitgliedstaatliche Stellen – Insbesondere: Zur Rechtslage im Gemeinschaftsmarkenrecht (to appear in: ”Europarecht”, Vol. 1/2007)

Kramler, Thomas

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – Information industries, internet and consumer electronics
T: +32 2 2986716

Kremlis, Georgios Stravros

European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit – cohesion policy and environmental impact assessments
Country of origin: Greece
T: +32 2 2966526
Mr Kremlis has law degrees from three European countries. He obtained a degree from Athens Law School; a masters in European law and comparative law from University III in Strasbourg, and a certificate in public international law from the Academy of International law in The Hague. In addition to his wide breath of jurisdictional legal knowledge he has also pursued academic research at Harvard Law School attending a program of instruction for lawyers. In 1976, Mr Kremlis took his first legal position as an attorney at law in Greece at the Supreme Court where he was also a professional representative before the European Patent Office. In 1979, he stopped practising to work as a principal researcher for the well known and respected Centre for International and European Economic law in Thessaloniki before moving to Brussels. Equipped with a strong legal background, he joined the Legal Service at the Commission in 1981 where he worked on a variety of important Commission cases for nine years. In 1990 he was seconded back to his home country by the European Commission to the Greek Public Administration in Athens. Returning to the epicentre of European regulation in 1993, he re-joined the Legal Service as a legal adviser for two short years before being offered a senior executive role as head of unit of legal implementation and enforcement in DG Environment. Mr Kremlis has been a head of unit in two other environmental legal directorates: in 2004, he was appointed head of unit for legal affairs and governance; from June 2005 to date, he currently holds the post of head of unit for cohesion policy and environmental impact assessments. Mr Kremlis’ passion for the law has further extended to multiple well respected positions of responsibility throughout the years. He was a founding member of the International Federation for European law and the Association of European lawyers. He has also been a visiting professor in a number of european universities, such as Athens Law School, University Centre of Nancy and the University Centre of Luxembourg. Currently he holds the presidency of the Hellenic Environment Law Association.

Krueger, Reinald

European Commission – Competition
Deputy Head of Unit – telecommunications and post, information society coordination
T: +32 2 2961555

Krzeminska, Joanna

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
Country of origin: Poland
T: +32 2 2950299
From 2006, Ms Krzeminska has been a case handler in trade defence instruments for DG Trade. In 1996, this well educated young woman obtained a master of law at the University of Wroclaw, Poland; an LLM from the University of Bremen in Germany and is currently a PhD Candidate there. Before joining the Commission, she worked as a researcher in the Centre for European Law and Politics at the University of Bremen in the research training network of fundamental rights and private law in the European Union. Gaining theoretical and practical knowledge on this topic, she moved to the Commission to work for DG Energy (2005-2006).
Selected publications:
forthcoming (2007): contributions on horizontal effect of fundamental rights in Poland and in the EU, in: G. Bruggemeier, G. Comande, A. Colombi-Ciacchi (Eds.), “Fundamental rights and private law in the European Union”; Are Support Schemes for Renewable Energies Compatible with Competition Objectives? An Assessment of National and Community Rules, Yearbook of European Environmental Law, Vol. 7 (2007) (Oxford University Press, 2007) ; Free Speech meets free movement. How fundamental is ‘fundamental’ really? The impact of fundamental rights on internal market law, ZERP Discussion Papers 3/2005

Kuijper, Pieter Jan

European Commission – Legal Service
Director – principal legal advisor (Dutch)
T: +32 2 2961273

Kundla, Helgi

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision
Country of origin: Estonia
T: +32 2 2984469
Ms Kundla joined the Commission’s Legal Service in December 2004, following the accession of Estonia to the EU in May 2004. Previously working as a counsellor at the Estonian parliament (Riigikogu) between 1994 and 1996, she moved to the human rights division of the Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ legal service, before returning to the parliament, where she remained for another six years from 1998 to 2004. Ms Kundla obtained her law degree in 1991 from Tartu University in Estonia and a masters degree in human rights from the University of Padua, Italy in 1998.

Ladenburger, Clemens

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2952444
Mr Ladenburger has been a member of the European Commission’s Legal Service since 1999. After completing his studies at the Universities of Freiburg and Geneva he passed the first state exam in law at Baden-Württemberg in 1992, obtained a masters in law from the University of Chicago in 1993, passed the second state exam in law at Baden-Württemberg in 1995 and earned his Doctor iur. from the University of Heidelberg in 1999. His previous positions before joining the European institutions include: rechtsreferendar from 1993 to 1995; an academic assistant to Professor E. Schmidt-Aßmann at the University of Heidelberg from 1996 to 1998; an official at the German Federal Ministry of Justice in 1998 and a member of cabinet of J Trumpf, secretary-general of the Council from 1998 to 1999. Between 2002 and 2003 Mr Ladenburger was a member of the secretariat of the European Convention, advising on the European Constitution (2002-2003).
Selected publications:
Die materielle Präklusion im raumbezogenen Verwaltungsrecht, together with H.C. Röhl, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997;
Verfahrensfehlerfolgen im Französischen und im Deutschen Verwaltungsrecht, Springer, Heidelberg 1999;
EG-Umweltverfahrensrecht, together with E. Schmidt-Aßmann, in H.-W. Rengeling (ed.), Handbuch zum europäischen und deutschen Umweltrecht, Köln u.a. 1998 (T: + 2. Auflage 2002);
Kommentierung Artikel 284 and 285, in: v.d. Groeben/Schwarze (Ed.), Kommentar zum EU-Vertrag und EG-Vertrag, 6. Auflage, 2004;
Kommentierung Art. 51 und Art. 52 (Abs. 4 – 7), in (P. Tettinger/K. Stern, eds.), Kölner Gemeinschaftskommentar zur europäischen Grundrechte-Charta, München 2006;
Chapters “Fundamental Rights and Citizenship” and “Policies relating to the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice” (together with S. Verwilghen), in G. Amato/H. Bribosia/B. De Witte, eds.), Genesis and Destiny of the European Constitution (forthcoming in 2007).

Lafili, Paul

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – adviser Country of origin: Netherlands
T: +32 2 2952364

Laina, Flavio

European Commission – Competition
Deputy Head of Unit – cartels
T: +32 2 2969669

Laloy, A.

European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements – support
T: +32 2 2990387
Lautissier, Gilbert
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2964932

Lawniczak, Justyna

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Desk Officer – services
T: +32 2 2995665

Lawrence, David Grant

European Commission – Environment
Director – water, chemicals and cohesion
Country of origin: United Kingdom
T: +32 2 2953537
Mr Lawrence, a senior official at the Commission, has over 20 years institutional experience with a predominant focus on environmental law. He holds an MA in law from University College, Oxford. In 1973, one year later, he moved to France to continue his legal studies at the University of Aix in Aix-en-Provence. He moved back to London In 1975 where he completed his pupillage in Chancery Chambers before commencing his then unbroken career in Brussels. From 1979-1983 he worked as a lawyer for DG Environment and Consumer Protection. In 1983 he became a member of the Legal Service. From 1989-1994 he was a member of cabinet for two environment commissioners, firstly for Commissioner Carlo Ripa di Meana (1989-1992) and then for Commissioner Yannis Paleokrassa (1993-1994). From 1994-2000 he was entrusted with a senior managerial position as head of unit for water in DG Environment before he was promoted to interim director of DG Environment (1997-2000). Equipped with his legal knowledge and experience he returned to a senior legal post as the director for institutional and legal issues in DG Environment for six years (2000-2006). Mr Lawrence is currently the director for water, chemicals and cohesion in DG Environment.

Learie, Richard

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2988238

Lecesne, Laetitia

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Desk Officer – services
T: +32 2 2998244

Leouffre, Patricia

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – codification (French)
T: +32 2 2969414

Levin, Mattias

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Policy Officer – economic policy
Country of origin: Sweden
T: +32 2 2951811
Mr Levin works at the financial markets infrastructure unit of the European Commission’s Internal Market and Services DG. Before joining DG Market, he was a member of the Bureau of European Policy Advisers (BEPA), a think tank attached to the President of the European Commission (March 2005-May 2006). Prior to joining the Commission, he was a Research Fellow at the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), the Brussels-based think tank, where he focused on financial regulation, capital markets and international taxation (2000-2004). Mr Levin holds an MSc in politics of the world economy from the London School of Economics (1998-1999), an MA in political science from the Lund University (1994-1998) and a Certificat d’Études Politiques from the Institut d’Études Politiques of Strasbourg (1996-1997).
Selected publications:
“China, the EU and the World: Growing in Harmony”, with F Lerais, M Sochacki and R Veugelers (2006): European Commission (BEPA), Brussels.
“EU Competitiveness and Industrial Location”, with T Belessiotis and R Veugelers (2006): European Commission (BEPA), Brussels.
“Taxation of Financial Intermediation in Industrial Countries”, with P Ritter in Honohan, Patrick (ed.) (2003): in “Taxation of Financial Intermediation: Theory and Practice for Emerging Economies”, World Bank, Washington DC.
“Competition, Fragmentation and Transparency: Providing the Regulatory Framework for Fair, Efficient and Dynamic European Securities Markets”, CEPS Task Force Report, No. 46, April 2003.
“The Prospects for Offshore Financial Centres in Europe”, CEPS Research Report, August 2002.
“The Securities Settlement Industry in the EU: Structure, Costs and the Way Forward”, with K Lannoo, CEPS Research Report, December 2001.
“No overtaking: to stay in the lead the City needs the euro”, Pamphlet series, City in Europe: London, June 2001.

Lienemeyer, Max

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – state aid – industrial restructuring
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2986243
Dr Lienemeyer completed his law degree in Germany and the UK in 1993, obtained his LLM from the Free University of Brussels in international legal cooperation in 1996 and then returned to Germany for further specialisation, obtaining his doctorate in European law from the University of Frankfurt in 2000. Starting off as a lawyer with Wessing and Ashurst, he decided to leave private practice and joined the institutional staff in 2003 as a case handler in state aid control for DG Competition.
Selected publications:
State aid to companies in difficulty the rescue and restructuring guidelines in “the EU State Aid Regime”, Rydelsky (Ed), Cameron May, 2006
The restructuring of Huta Czestochowa the Commission’s decision finding compliance with private creditor test but ordering recovery of some previously granted restructuring aid, Competition Newsletter 2006, Number 1, p. 100
Italian guarantee scheme for ship-finance: Commission signals thorough review of guarantee schemes, Competition Newsletter 2005, Number 2, p. 81 (with L. Prete)
State aid for restructuring the steel industry in the new member states, Competition Newsletter 2005, Number 1, p. 94
The Commission opens investigation procedure regarding aid to Polish steel company Huta Czestochowa, Competition Newsletter 2004, Number 3, p. 69
The new German ship-financing guarantee schemes – Commission gives green light, Competition Newsletter 2004, Number 2, p. 105 (with K. Struckmann).
Annotation of Judgement of the Court of Justice in Case C-94/00, Roquette Freres SA, Common Market Law Review 2003, 1481 (with Denis Waelbroek).
Zur Entwicklung des Seekartellrechts, EuZW 2002, 649 (with Ute Zinsmeister)
Verfahrensrechtlichen Probleme bei der dezentralen Anwendung des europäischen Kartellrechts, WuW 2002, 331 (with Ute Zinsmeister)
Die Finanzverfassung der Europäischen Union (Ph.D.), Nomos 2002
Der Begriff des öffentlichen Auftraggebers im Vergaberecht am Beispiel von Messegesellschaften, EWS 2000, 448
Europaweite Abgaben zur Reduzierung von Treibhausgasen, EuR 1998, p. 478-501
- Introduction to the Budget, in Euro Budget 1998, Société Générale de Développement, 1998, p. 4-9.
The new VAT System and Fraud, International VAT-Monitor 1997, p. 270- 276.
Die Sanktionen des Stabilitätspaktes und ihre Vereinnahmung, EWS 1997, p. 257-262
Supervision of the Election in Bosnia-Herzegovina, et al. Int. Peacekeeping 1996, p. 82-88
Die Auswirkungen der Änderungen der US-amerikanischen “Rules of Civil Procedure” unter Berücksichtigung des deutsch-amerikanischen Rechtsverkehrs, et al. ZVglRWiss1995, p. 383-405 (with Ansgar Remp).

Lievens, Jozef

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2963520

Lievouw, Christophe

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2988705

Liira, Minna

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2953762

Lindberg, Patrick

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
T: +32 2 2969170

Lindholm, Pia

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Officer – legal advisor
T: +32 2 2991959

Lindvall, Susanna

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Swedish)
T: +32 2 2953285

Lo Giudice, Salvatore

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Policy Officer – financial markets infrastructure
T: +32 2 2950691

Lopatta, H.

European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2953571
Loriot, Guillaume
European Commission – Competition
Deputy Head of Unit – mergers
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2984988
Mr Loriot is deputy head of the mergers unit dealing with industry, consumer goods and manufacturing (E3). He has a strong legal background both academically and professionally. Equipped with degrees from the University of Paris II-Assas (1990), University College, London (1991) and the College of Europe in Bruges (1992). He practised law for three years within the Alliance of European Lawyers’ firm, Jeantet & Associés, Brussels (1993-1996). In 1997 he became a référendaire at the Court of First Instance of the EC and in 2001 he decided to leave Luxembourg for a position in DG Competition.
Selected publications:
“The substantive assessment of mergers” in Mergers and Acquisitions Vol II, co-authors C. Bengtssson-A.Whelan (Claeys and Casteels, 2006)

Lorz, Bettina

European Commission – Environment
Legal Policy Officer – communication and governance
T: +32 2 2969153

Loughran, Mary

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – mergers
T: +32 2 2955898

Loup, Caroline

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Desk Officer – services
T: +32 2 2995655

Luebking, Johannes

European Commission – Competition
Deputy Head of Unit – information, communication and multimedia mergers
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2959851
Dr Luebking is deputy head of unit C-4 of DG Competition, dealing with mergers in the information, communication and multimedia sectors. He embarked on his career at the Commission in 2001, before which he worked in private practice as an internal counsel in Deutsche Grundbesitz Management (1999) and as a lawyer with White & Case in Frankfurt (2000-2001). Dr Luebking graduated in law from the University of Goettingen (1992), continuing his studies at the European University Institute in Florence (1994), where he took a masters in law. Having passed the bar exams in Berlin (1997) he took a doctorate in law from the University of Goettingen in 2000.
Selected publications:
EU Competition Law, Mergers and Acquisitions (Claeys&Casteels, 2006), contributor.

Lyal, Richard

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: United Kingdom
T: +32 2 2954814
Mr Lyal has been a member of the European Commission’s Legal Service since 1992. In 1978 he obtained a law degree from Dalhousie University, Canada, before taking a BCL from Oxford University in 1981 and a Diplôme d’Études supérieures in comparative law from the Université d’Aix-Marseille III (1982). In addition to his legal degrees he holds a linguistics degree from the University of Victoria, Canada, from where graduated in 1974.
Selected publications:
EC Tax Law (with Paul Farmer), Oxford University Press 1994

Mac Donald, Neil

European Commission – Trade
Head of Unit – trade defence instruments – investigations and monitoring and follow-up of the implementation of third country measures against EU
T: +32 2 2957536

Magnani, Pier Luigi

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2953516

Maidani, Dominique

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – legal advisor (French)
T: +32 2 2994913

Majewska, Karolina

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Policy Officer – company law desk officer – auditing
T: +32 2 2980288

Malétras, Sophie

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Policy Desk Officer – services
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2981620
Ms Malétras holds an LLM in political science from the Université Panthéon-Assas, Paris II (1999), Sciences-Po Paris (2000) and an LLM in European Community law from the College of Europe, Bruges (2002). From 2002 she has been working for DG Internal Market and Services, where she is currently a legal policy desk officer.

Malheiro, Ana

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – telecommunications and post information society coordination
Country of origin: Portugal
T: +32 2 2961664
Since November 2006 Ms Malheiro has been a case handler responsible for ex officio cases regarding the application of Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty in the telecoms and postal sectors, within DG Competition’s unit C1. The work also involves the handling of infringement procedures against EU member states pursuant to Article 86 of the EC Treaty and analysis of notifications made under Article 7 of the electronic communications regulatory framework. She has had a varied professional career based in Brussels and Portugal. Following graduation in law from Universida de Católica Portuguesa, Porto in 1999, in 2001 she took her masters focusing on competition and energy law on a scholarship at Humboldt University in Berlin. Her thesis – a comparative analysis of access to the electricity networks in Germany, Portugal and Europe – was judged best in class by the faculty. In 2002 she completed a traineeship at DG Competition, in the directorate responsible for energy, water and steel, before working as an associate at Cuatrecasas Abogados’ Brussels office and as a freelance legal translator (German-Portuguese) for the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. In October 2004 she returned to Lisbon to work as a legal officer in the regulated markets and state aid department of the Portuguese competition authority. She returned to Brussels and her current position in 2006.
Selected publications:
The liberalisation of the energy market (The Energy Law Magazine of IBDE, 2003).
Study in the Area of Competition Policy Concerning the Definition of the Media Market in Portugal, for the Directorate-General of Competition of the European Commission, March 2004 (co-authorship).
The Role of European Competition Law in the Liberalisation of the Energy Sector, The Energy Law Magazine of IBDE, Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos de Direito da Energia (Brazilian Institute of Energy Law Studies), November 2003 (co-authorship).

Mandoux, Laurence

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments – enforcement official
T: +32 2 2969540

Manhaeve, Emmanuel

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(Dutch)
T: +32 2 2954367

Manville, Andreas

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – codification (German)
T: +32 2 2984675

Maraziti, Massimo

European Commission – Transport and Energy
Policy Officer – electricity and gas
Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2991923
Mr Maraziti joined the European Commission in 1998. For the first three years he was employed in the coal unit and from there in the electricity and gas unit of DG Transport and Energy, where he still works as an administrator. Before joining the European Institutions he held various positions in Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena (1977-1998). Mr Maraziti holds a degree in business administration.

Marin-Combeaud, Sophie

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Officer – policy
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2958189
Ms Marin-Combeaud holds a diploma from the “Institut d’Études Politiques” (Political Science Institute) of Paris (1992) and a DEA (postgraduate degree following a master’s) in EC and international law (1994). Before joining the European Institutions she was a lecturer in the law department of the University of Paris-X (1994-1996). She embarked on a career in the Commission in 1996 in DG Transport and Energy on maritime transport (1996-2003) and subsequently moved to her current position in DG Internal Market, where she deals with regulated professions (2003-present).

Marr, Simon

European Commission – Environment
Legal Officer – implementation of the emissions trading scheme & international climate negotiations
T: +32 2 2958366

Marteil, Erwan

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – state aid – industrial restructuring
T: +32 2 2994130

Martenczuk, Bernd

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (German)
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2965058
Dr Martenczuk has been a member of the Commission’s Legal Service, working in the state aid team, since October 2006, and a part-time professor of law at the Vrije Universiteit in Brussels since February 2005. He joined the Legal Service in 1999 as a member of the external relations team, working for the WTO group between 2003 and 2006. Dr Martenczuk passed the first German state law exam from the University Frankfurt-am-Main in 1992. In 1995 he graduated from the prestigious Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University with a masters degree in public administration and in 1996 he obtained a doctorate in law from the University Frankfurt. From 1995 to 1998 he worked as a Rechtsreferendar in Germany, passing the second state exam law in 1998. The following year he took a position as an academic assistant at the University of Frankfurt.
Selected publications:
Books
Rechtsbindung und Rechtskontrolle des Weltsicherheitsrats – Die Überprüfung nichtmilitärischer Zwangsmaßnahmen durch den Internationalen Gerichtshof, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1996
Contributions to books
Die dritte Gewalt in der Europäischen Union, in: Michael Demel u.a. (Hrsg.), Funktionen und Kontrolle der Gewalten, 40. Assistententagung Öffentliches Recht, Stuttgart 2001, 223-246
Decisions ob Bodies Established by International Agreements and the Community Legal Order, in: Vincent Kronenberger (ed.), The EU and the International Legal Order: Discord or Harmony?, The Hague 2001, 141-163
Cooperation with Developing and Other Third Countries: Elements of a Community Foreign Policy, in Stefan Griller/Birgit Weidel (Hrsg.), External Economic Relations and Foreign Policy of the European Union, Wien 2002, 385-417
Community Cooperation Policy and Conflict Prevention, in: Vincent Kronenberger/Jan Wouters (ed.), The European Union and Conflict Prevention – Policy and Legal Aspects, The Hague 2004, 189-210
The Constitution for Europe and the External Relations of the European Union, in: Servaas van Thiel/Karel de Gucht/Richard Lewis, Understanding the new European Constitutional Treaty, Brussels 2005, p. 253-284
Articles
Der Zugang zu Netzen zwischen sektorieller Regulierung und allgemeinem Kartellrecht, Zeitschrift für das gesamte Recht der Telekommunikation 1999, 15-25 (mit Kathrin Thomaschki).
Regulierungsbehörde contra Bundeskartellamt? – Das Verhältnis der Kompetenzen auf dem Gebiet der Telekommunikation, Computer und Recht 1999, 363-367
The Security Council, the International Court of Justice and Judicial Review: What Lessons from Lockerbie?, European Journal of International Law 10 (1999), 517-547
Die NATO und die Vereinten Nationen nach dem Kosovo-Konflikt: Versuch einer völkerrechtlichen Standortbestimmung, Vereinte Nationen 1999, 125-132 (mit Michael Bothe)
Die Außenvertretung der Europäischen Gemeinschaft auf dem Gebiet der Währungspolitik, Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht 1999, 93-107
Die „essential facilities”-Doktrin im Europäischen Wettbewerbsrecht und der Zugang zu Vertriebsnetzen – Anmerkung zu EuGH, Urteil v. 26.11.1998, Rs. C-7/97, Oscar Bronner/Mediaprint, Europarecht 1999, 565-570.
Das Territorialitätsprinzip, die Mehrstaatigkeit und der Gleichheitssatz – Zur verfassungsrechtlichen Problematik des Optionsmodells im neuen Staatsangehörigkeitsrecht, Kritische Vierteljahresschrift für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft 2000, 194-217
Die differenzierte Integration und die föderale Struktur der Europäischen Union, Europarecht 2000, 351-364.
From Lomé to Cotonou: The ACP-EC Partnership Agreement in a Legal Perspective, European Foreign Affairs Review 5 (2000), 461-487

Martin, Herve

European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit for Civil Protection
T: +32 2 2965444

Martin, Denis

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +32 2 2965296
Mr Martin joined the Commission’s DG Administration in 1987, switching to DG Employment in 1990 before joining the Legal Service in 2000, where he dealt with social law issues until 2005 and with staff cases since then. Mr Martin obtained his law degree in Université catholique de Louvain in 1984, before continuing his studies at the College of Europe, Bruges (1985). He completed his Doctoral thesis in Université catholique de Louvain in 2005. Mr Martin was a private practitioner for two years between 1985 to 1987.
Selected publications:
La libre circulation des personnes dans l’Union européenne, Bruylant 1995
Free movement of persons in the European Union (with E. Guild), Butterworths 1996
Egalité et non-discrimination dans la jurisprudence communautaire – Etude critique à la lumière d’une approche comparatiste, Bruylant 2006.

Martinez Lopez, Manuel

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – telecommunications and post, information society coordination
T: +32 2 2968803

Martínez Rivero, Eduardo

European Commission – Competition
Case Manager – financial services banking and insurance
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2964977
A graduate from the College of Europe, Bruges (1989) in European legal studies Mr Martínez Rivero started off his career in private practice in Brussels with J&A Garrigues (1988-1989) and Dorsey & Whitney (1989-1991). In 1991 he decided to leave private practice and join the European Commission. He embarked his career in DG Internal Market and Industrial Affairs’ car unit and subsequently moved to DG Enterprise’s chemical industry unit (1993-1997). It was from here that he joined DG Competition, working firstly in the state aid unit responsible for the automotive, steel and shipbuilding sectors (1998) and then in the air transport unit from 1999-2002. Since 2002 he has been a case manager in the financial services unit at DG Competition. Mr Martínez Rivero has published several articles on EU and competition matters in the Competition Policy Newsletter (Boletín Asturiano sobre la Unión Europea).
Selected publications:
Co-author of “The EC law of competition” 2nd ed., by J. Faull and A. Nikpay.

Mauerhofer, Gudrun

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Policy Officer – financial markets infrastructure
T: +32 2 2968346

Maurer, Helmut

European Commission – Environment
Policy Officer – legislation
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2964599
Dr Maurer is a principal administrator in charge of the Landfill Directive, Sewage Sludge Directive and the Basel Convention in DG Environment. He was educated at the University of Augsburg and the University of Würzburg completing both his state law exams and a doctorate in labour law. Before joining the Commission, he practised with a private firm in Aschaffenburg for one year. Taking some time in academia, he moved to Luxembourg to become a researcher at the institute for labour law and labour relations in the European Community in Trier. After he completed his research he moved back home to Germany two years later (1988), returning to private practice in Aschaffenburg. In 1989 he accepted a job in the law firm Pünder, Volhard, Weber & Axster (which subsequently merged with Clifford Chance to become Clifford Chance Pünder) in Frankfurt. After two years, he returned to the academic realm and became a professor of international commercial law and European Community law at various German universities, including the University of applied sciences in Nürnberg. In 2002, Dr Maurer embarked on his institutional career by taking up a post in DG Employment working on promoting equality between men and women. In 2006, he changed directorates to DG Environment where he is currently employed as a principal administrator.

Maxa, Martin

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Policy Desk Officer – accounting
T: +32 2 2966581
Mendes Pires Afonso, Margarida
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Portuguese)
T: +32 2 2994423

Michalopoulos, Spilios

European Commission – Trade
Assistant Case Handler – trade defence instruments – TDI complaints analyst
T: +32 2 2967516

Miersch, Gerald

European Commission – Competition
Senior Case Officer – media
T: +32 2 2996504

Mikosa, Zaneta

European Commission – Environment
Legal Policy Officer – communication and governance
Country of origin: Latvia
T: +32 2 2984198
Graduating with an LLM from the University of Latvia (1994-2001) she continued her legal studies at a postgraduate level, attending the Business School of Copenhagen; the Riga Graduate school of law (2001-2002); and SEPA, where she specialised in EU environmental law (2003). From 1997-1998, she worked briefly as a lawyer before taking up a governmental position at the Ministry of Economics where she provided assistance to the minister of parliamentary affairs. In 2000, she transferred over to the Ministry of Environment where she stayed for four years before being promoted to parliamentary secretary. She left Latvia in November 2005 to work as a legal policy officer in DG Environment where she currently deals with access to justice in environmental matters, more particularly helping implement the Aarhus Convention. She is working on a temporary basis with the Commission currently.

Millerot, Didier

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Officer and Adviser – better regulation cycle legal aspects
T: +32 2 2969782
With a licence spéciale droit européen, from the Université Libre de Bruxelles (1990 ) and a masters in private law from Université de Lille II (1989), Mr. Millerot started working in the European Commission in DG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities (1994-1997), before switching to his present position as a principal administrator in DG Internal Market and Services.
Selected publications:
L’application de l’article 28 CE (ex. article 30) aux marchandises en transit: l’arrêt “pièces détachées”, Revu du droit de l’Union européenne, 1-2001

Minor, Jacqueline

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Director – horizontal policy development
Country of origin: United Kingdom
T: +32 2 2957226
Originally an academic lawyer, Ms Minor started her work in the institutions at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. Qualifying from Birmingham University in 1977 she remained there to do a two-year MPhil writing a specialist thesis on the impact of the company law harmonisation directives on British company law. For the next five years she worked as a law lecturer at the University of Leicester from where she was recruited to be an administrator at the research and documentation division of the European Court of Justice in November 1984. From there she moved to Brussels in 1987 for a two-year stint as an administrator in DG Internal Market and Industrial Affairs before returning to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg with a promotion to référendaire (legal clerk) to British judges Sir Gordon Slynn and David Edward. Three years later she returned to Brussels to become the principal administrator in the regulated professions unit of DG Internal Market. She remained there for five years, becoming head of the unit before moving in 1997 to head up the unit dealing with the functioning and co-ordination of the single market within DG Internal Market. Between 2000 and 2003 Ms Minor led the human and financial resources unit of DG internal markets, before being promoted to director level. Staying within the same DG she began as director of the administrative support and communication unit, before working from 2005-2006 as director of the knowledge-based economy unit. It was from here that she moved in 2006 to her current position as director of the unit dealing with horizontal policy development. The unit is responsible for the overall development of the DG’s policy and for working with other Commission Services on single market policy. Heavily involved with the DG’s better regulation policy, the unit also co-ordinates the dealings with infringements of DG Internal Market and services policy, promoting informal problem-solving through SOLVIT. This is the on-line network through which, under the coordination of the European Commission, EU Member States work together to solve problems caused by the misapplication of Internal Market law by public authorities without bringing legal proceedings.

Mitolidis, Stoulianos

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2954041

Moells, Walter

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (German)
T: +32 2 2990770

Moisello, Lucia

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Project/Process Officer – formulation and enforcement of public procurement law
T: +32 2 2957320

Montaguti, Elisabetta

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Italian)
T: +32 2 2952972

Mørch, Henrik

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Head of Unit – better regulation cycle – legal aspects
Country of origin: Denmark
T: +32 2 2950766
After completing his Masters in Law at Copenhagen University in 1988 and a further year of study at the College of Europe in Bruges, Mr Morch embarked on a career in the Commission which has been virtually unbroken. Joining the cabinet of Commissioner Henning Christophersen 1989-1990, he subsequently returned to Denmark the following year to work as an associate in the Copenhagen firm Kierkegaard & Malby. In 1992 he returned to Brussels to become an official in the state aid department of DG Competition, where he worked for four years before switching to the international relations department of DG Competition. After two years in this seat, in 1998 he was made assistant to the director-general of DG Competition, Alexander Schaub where he worked for three years before promotion to a series of senior cabinet positions. These started with a three year stint as head of legal and institutional affairs in the cabinet of the commissioner for development and humanitarian aid, Poul Nielson. Starting the job in 2001 by 2004 he was promoted to the deputy head of cabinet before moving the same year to become the chief legal adviser within the cabinet of the Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development, Mariann Fischer Boel. After a year in this position he moved again in 2005 to his current position as the head of the legal affairs unit within DG Internal Market and Services, under Commissioner Gunther Verheugen.
Selected publications:
Competition Policy Newsletter, DG Comp, Editor, 1998-2001;
“The application of Article 85/86 in conjunction with Article 5 EC to state measures”, Danish legal review Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen (1992);
“The notion of state aid in EC law”, Danish legal review Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen (1993);

Muehlbauer, Friedrich

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments investigations
T: +32 2 2959066

Mulac, Robert

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal and Policy Officer – insurance and pensions
T: +32 2 2956259

Muller, Marianne

European Commission – Environment
Legal Policy Officer – communication and governance
T: +32 2 2954904

Nava, Mario

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Head of Unit – financial markets infrastructure
Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2964235
With a doctorate from the London School of Economics (1996) and after working as a teaching assistant at the Centre for Economic Performance at the LSE, Mr. Nava arrived in Brussels in 1994 to work in DG Taxation for two years and DG Budget for further four years. In 2000 he joined the cabinet of Competition Commissioner Mario Monti, and from 2001-2004 served as one of Commission President Romano Prodi’s group of political advisers. Since 2004 he has been the head of unit relating to financial markets in DG Internal Market and Services.
Selected publications:
Economics and Policies in an Enlarged EU (2005) Edwar Elgar co-authored with C. Altomonte
“Economic policy-making in the European Union”,Co-editor (with A. Sapir) 2003
“Towards a European Budgetary System”, EUI Working Papers RSC 2003/8, May (co-authored with M. Buti]

Navarro Y Lopez-Chicheri, Manuela

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2969086

Negenman, Monique

European Commission – Competition
Formulation and coordination of competition policy and enforcement – antitrust policy and scrutiny
T: +32 2 2955228

Neven, Damien

European Commission – Competition
Director – chief economist
T: +32 2 2987312
Country of origin: Belgium
Mr Neven is the chief economist in the Commission’s DG Competition. The chief economist assists in evaluating the economic impact of the Commission’s actions in the competition field, and provides independent guidance on methodological issues of economics and econometrics in the application of EU competition rules. He contributes to individual competition cases (in particular ones involving complex economic issues and quantitative analysis), to the development of general policy instruments, as well as assisting with cases pending before the Community Courts. He obtained a licence in Geography from the University of Louvain in 1981 and a masters in economics from the same University in 1982. In 1985 he earned his doctorate in economics from Nuffield College, Oxford University. He has previously taught at Paris-based business school INSEAD, the European College in Bruges and the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Currently a professor of international economics and director of undergraduate studies at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva – which he joined in 2001. He taught at INSEAD from 1986 to 1991, the University of Liège from 1991 to 1993 and at the University of Lausanne from 1993-2001. He has also taught at College of Europe, Bruges from 1995 to 1997, the University of Barcelona in 1991 and has been a visiting professor in many other European universities. He was a member of the academic advisory panel to the Commission’s director-general for economics and finance working on the ex post evaluation of the internal market from 1994 to 1995, a member of the economic advisory group to the director-general of DG Enterprise from 1995 to 1998 and a member of the academic advisory committee to DG Competition since 1996. He has drafted various reports for public organisations on trade and competition policy, including: the EU Commission, the OECD (trade and competition committee), The Swiss Federal Government (Review and evaluation of the implementation of competition policy in Switzerland, 1996-1998) and the World Bank. He has provided advice to private corporations on antitrust matters. Recent advisees include: The Coca Cola Company, Mattel, IMS Health, TotalFinaElf, Volvo, FIFA, Airtours, Statoil, Tetra Laval, Mundipharma and Alstom. Mr Neven has published numerous books and articles and has held editorial positions on various scientific journal, including: editor of the Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade since 2000, associate editor of the International Journal of Industrial Organisation since 1994 and co-editor of the Journal of Economics and Management Strategy from 1992 to 1994.
Selected publications:
Books
Merger in Daylight. The Economics and Politics of Merger Regulation in the EEC, with R. Nuttal and P. Seabright, CEPR, 1993.
Competition Policy and the transformation of Central Europe, with J. Fingleton, E. Fox and P. Seabright, CEPR, August 1996.
Trawling for Minnows, Agreements under EC competition policy, with P. Seabright and P. Papandropoulos, May 1998.
Articles
“Consumer surplus vs welfare standard in a political economy model of merger control”, with L.H Röller, International Journal of Industrial Organisation, 2005
“The scope of conflict in International Merger Control”, with L.H. Röller, The Journal of Industry, Trade and Competition, December 2003
“The political economy of European merger control: evidence using stock market data”, with T. Duso and L.-H. Roeller, January 2003, revise and resubmit at the Journal of Law and Economics
“Discrepancies between markets and regulators: an analysis of the first ten years of EU merger control”, with L-H. Röller, in Pros and Cons of merger control, KKV, Stockholm, 2002
“How should protection be measured under Art III. of the GATT”, European Journal of Political Economy, 2001.
“From the White Paper to the Proposal for a Council Regulation. How to treat the new kids around the block”, with P. Mavroidis, Feb 2001, Legal issues of economic integration, 2001.

Niemenmaa, Jyrki

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments proceedings
T: +32 2 2962146

Niffe, Marjorie

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – WTO dispute settlement/TBR
T: +32 2 2966963

Nijenhuis, Albert

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: The Netherlands
T: +32 2 2966419
A member of the Commission’s Legal Service since 1997, Mr Nijenhuis graduated from the University of Leiden in 1989, having previously taken a diploma in international law from the University of Vienna (1986) and a certificate of introduction to US law from the University of Florida in 1988. After graduating, he returned to study in America, obtaining a certificate in US law in 1990 before completing an LLM in international finance and EC law from the University of London in 1991. Prior to joining the European institutions he worked as a lawyer for four years in the corporate and banking department of Clifford Chance’s Amsterdam office. In 1995 he joined DG Internal Market and Services at the Commission, working on the financial services sector. In 1997 he moved to the financial services unit of DG Competition, switching to the Commission’s Legal Service in 2002.
Selected publications:
Netting: a Dutch law analysis, published in “De Naamlooze Vennootschap”, together with H.L.E. Verhagen, 04/96 (in Dutch)
The new Dutch merger rules, published in a book entitled Transfer of undertakings, together with A.L.L.M. Gommers, November 1998 (in Dutch)
Close out netting and insolvency published in a book entitled “Undertakings and securities”, November 1998 (in Dutch)
Main aspects of EU-regulation of derivatives, European Business Law Review, May, June 1999
Le contrôle des activités boursières par les autorités communautaires de la concurrence, Petites affiches, July 1999
The application of EC competition law to supplementary pension funds, Euredia, 2000
Settlement Finality in the European Union: The EU Directive And Its Implementation in Selected Jurisdictions (Law of Business and Finance), editor with M. Vereecken, Kluwer International 2005

Nikolova, Natalia

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Bulgarian)
T: +32 2 2981130

Nolin, Michel

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
T: +32 2 2955094

Norcross-Amilhat, Barbara

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Policy Officer – legal adviser EU policy and international – copyright and knowledge-based economy
T: +32 2 2969025

Notaro, Nicola

European Commission – Environment
Legal Officer – horizontal coordination on international legal and institutional issues
Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2990499
Dr Notaro is a qualified Italian lawyer. Since 2000 he has been a legal policy officer acting as a negotiator and providing legal advice for international environmental negotiations in DG Environment. In 1994, Dr Notaro graduated from the law faculty at the University of Salerno. The subsequent year, he completed a masters in European law at the College of Europe, Bruges. Before completing his PhD in law at London University, he continued to update his legal knowledge through various summer programs and seminars. Prior to joining the Commission, he completed his legal traineeship at the Italian law firm C Pepe in Salerno. In 1996, he moved to Brussels, working as a stagiaire at the World Wildlife Fund whilst simultaneously assisting in the law department of the College of Europe, Bruges. From 1999-2000 he became a university lecturer in environmental law in the department of European and economic law at the University of Groningen. He joined the Commission in October 2000 as a policy officer in the international agreements and trade unit of DG Environment, where he was in charge of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the legal aspects of the Convention on Biological Diversity, including the relationship with the WTO, the World Intellectual Property Organisation and the Food and Agriculture Organisation. From May 2005 has been a legal adviser for multilateral environmental agreements in DG Environment. His main duties include providing legal advice to environment negotiators for multilateral environmental agreements to which the European community is a party. He has given many lectures on the PHARE programme, relating to the pre-accession process to membership of the EU, and he speaks Italian, English and French.
Selected publications:
Judicial Approaches to Trade and Environment: The EC and the WTO (Cameron/May, London, 2003); Case Law of the European Court of Justice (survey) (Yearbook of European Environmental Law, OUP, 5, 2004); International and European Environmental Law – Mutual Supportiveness for Improving ‘Green Governance’, in Thirty Years of European Legal Studies at the College of Europe, Demaret et al. (eds.) (College of Europe Studies/P.I.E. Lang, 2, 2005); Environmental Law 2002-2003 (survey together with S.Poli), in Yearbook of European Law, P. Eeckhout and T. Tridimas (eds.) (Clarendon Press, 23, 2004) Environmental Law 2000-2001 (survey together with S.Poli), in Yearbook of European Law P. Eeckhout and T. Tridimas (eds.) (Clarendon Press, 21, 2002)
The EC and WTO Trade and Environment Case Law – Procedural Aspects, Legal Principles and Institutional Matters in The Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies, (Dashwood et al. (eds.), Hart, 3, 2000) European Community Waste Movements: The Copenhagen Waste Case (European Environmental Law Review, 9, 2000)
The New Generation Case Law on Trade and Environment (European Law Review, 5, 2000)
The EU and Climate Change, EU FOCUS No 28, 1999 (CCH Editions, Bicester, Oxon, UK)
L’integration de l’AMP dans l’ordre juridique communautaire: aboutissement ou commencement?, Revue du Marché Unique Européen, No 2, 1998 (C. Juglar, Paris)
European Union Environmental Policy in Guide to EU Policies (Gloeckler et al., Blackstone, 1998); Non-Governmental Organisations active in the field of environmental protection: The inconsistent approach of the European Institutions, EU FOCUS No 5, 1998, CCH Editions, (Bicester, Oxon, UK)
L’arrêt Comateb: chronique d’un appauvrissement sans cause, co-authored with F. Berrod, Revue Trimestrielle de Droit Européen, No 1, 1998

Nyberg, Kerstin

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision
(Swedish)
T: +32 2 2993454

Nykiel, Anna

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – mechanical and other manufacturing industries including transportation equipment
T: +32 2 2965623

Nylund, L.

European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2968734

Obst, Silke

European Commission – Competition
Formulation and coordination of competition policy and enforcement – antitrust policy and scrutiny
T: +32 2 2984643

Ogonowski, Piotr Andrzej

European Commission – Trade
Head of Unit – trade defence Instruments investigations monitoring and follow-up of the implementation of measures in the Community
T: +32 2 2990958
Olausson, Torbjorn
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2966370

Oliver, Peter

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – legal advisor
(English)
T: +32 2 2966339
With a career of about 20 years in the Commission’s Legal Service since 1978, Mr Oliver is one of the most experienced members of the legal team. His career in that post has been unbroken except for three years (1983 to 1986) when he was seconded as a référendaire to advocate-general Sir Gordon Slynn at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. Mr Oliver graduated in law from Cambridge University in 1975, took a licence spéciale en droit Européen from Université Libre de Bruxelle in 1976 and a PhD from Cambridge University in 1983. Mr Oliver has written about 50 publications on different aspects of Community law, focusing specifically on the internal market, the non-contractual liability of the Community, rights of action before national courts for the enforcement of Community law rights as well as antitrust and merger issues.
Selected publications:
Free Movement of Goods in the European Community under Articles 28 to 30 of the EC Treaty, 4th edition, Sweet & Maxwell 2003

Ondrusek, Petr

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(Czech)
T: +32 2 2980490

Onida, M.

European Commission – Environment
Policy Officer – seconded to convention alpine
T: +32 2 2994833

O’Reilly, Mary Carmel

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – legal advisor (English)
T: +32 2 2966067

Ormond, Thomas

European Commission – Environment
Administrator – seconded national expert
T: +32 2 2988509
Mr Ormond completed his German state exams in 1984 where he went on to become a research assistant at the University of Frankfurt (1984-1986). In 1986, he was recruited as a legal trainee for the German state of Hesse. Motivated by his legal training, Mr Ormond went back to complete his doctorate in law 1992. On completion of his postgraduate degree he was offered a regional governmental position, working as an administrator in the Regierungsrat, Regierungsoberrat for Darmstadt city council (1992-2004). In 2004 he was seconded as a national expert to work as an administrator for DG Environment.
Selected publications:
Environmental Law and Policy at the Turn to the 21st Century (Lexxion, 2006) Abfallwirtschafts-und Bodenschutzrecht in Hessen (2003)

O’Sullivan, David

European Commission – Trade
Director General of Trade
Country of origin: Ireland
T: +32 2 2950948
Since November 2005, Mr O’Sullivan has been the director-general for DG Trade. In 1975, he graduated from Trinity College in Dublin with a degree in economics and sociology. In 1976, he was admitted to the esteemed European postgraduate school, the College of Europe, where he completed a Diplôme des Hautes Études Européennes. He embarked on his institutional career in 1976, working for the department of foreign affairs in Dublin. After four years he was recruited by the Commission to work in DG External Relations. After making an impression, he was offered the post of First Secretary to the Commission’s delegation to Japan. Returning to Brussels in 1985, he became a member of the cabinet of Commissioner Peter Sutherland, where he was responsible for social affairs and relations with the European Parliament. From 1989-1992 as head of unit, he lead a task force for human resources, education, youth and training responsible for the COMETT and TEMPUS programmes. He also co-ordinated training and assistance to Central and Eastern Europe. From 1993-1996 as deputy head of the cabinet of Commissioner Padraig Flynn, he was responsible for employment policies, the social dialogue and labour law. From 1996-1999, he was the director of DG V (Employment) where he was entrusted with the responsibility of coordinating policy for the European Social Fund. In 1999, Mr O’Sullivan was promoted to head of cabinet for Romano Prodi, who was then the President of the European Commission. Following this heavyweight role, Mr O’Sullivan was offered the post of Secretary-General of the European Commission in 2000 for five years. From 2005 to present, he has been the director-general of Trade. He has received numerous awards for his political achievements. In 1999, he was named the European of the Year for the Irish Council for the European Movement; in 2005 he became an honorary doctor of the Dublin Institute of Technology. He is also a recognised member of the consultative board of the Institute of for International Integration Studies at Trinity College, Dublin. Mr O’Sullivan is a polyglot who speaks French, Spanish, German and Japanese.

Paolicchi, Sandro

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – mergers
Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2999793
Mr Paolicchi joined the Commission in 1994, working on WTO negotiations in DG Trade. Since 2000 he has worked in DG Competition as a case manager in unit B4, which handles mergers. He studied business and economics at the University of Rome (1990), economics at the College of Europe in Bruges (1993) and obtained an MBA from Instituto de Empresa in Madrid in 2001.

Pardo Quintillan, Sara

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (English)
T: +32 2 2963137

Parpala, Leo

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(Swedish)
T: +32 2 2996147

Pasquier, Jean-Francis

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(French)
T: +32 2 2969396

Patakia, Maria

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Greece
T: +32 2 2961967
Graduating in law from Athens University in 1975 and from Paris University II in 1981 with a DEA in European law, Ms Patakia worked as a lawyer in Athens from 1977 to 1987. Her career in the European institutions began inn 1987 with a post in DG Industry and Internal Market. In 1989 she was recruited to the Commission’s Legal Service. From 1989 to 1997 she held a position in the social affairs team. During that period she worked on issues relating to social security for migrant workers, labour law and the drafting of Community legislation. In 1997 she joined the establishment, services and business law team, where she remained for another six years. She worked mainly in the fields of the free movement of capital, freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services, recognition of professional diplomas, drafting of Community legislation, infringement procedures and on numerous disputes relating to Greece and other territories. Since 2003 Ms Patakia has been member of the internal market for goods, energy including EURATOM, enterprise, customs union and environment team. Her current responsibilities include infringements proceedings and disputes relating to Greece and handling questions relating to the interpretation of the EURATOM treaty. Since November 2005 she has been the coordinator of the team.

Paulis, Emil

European Commission – Competition
Deputy Director General with special responsibility for antitrust
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +32 2 2965033
A policy director and deputy director-general ad interim for antitrust from last year, Mr Paulis has had an institutional career spanning over twenty years. With a strong academic legal background he embarked on a career in the Commission in 1982. Mr Paulis obtained his law degree from the University of Leuven in 1975. He continued specialising in commercial law at the University of Liège (1976), had a further year of common law studies at the University of Edinburgh (1977) and completed his postgraduate studies at Ecole Supérieure de Sciences Fiscales with a specialisation in tax law (1979). He then practised criminal law, civil law and commercial law as an advocate at the Liège bar (1975-1977). In 1978 he joined the legal team of Clifford Chance where he worked as a commercial and tax practitioner. After four years he decided to leave private practice and become a member of the European Institutions. Except for a four-year period spent in the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg as a member of the research department – during which time he participated in the foundation of the Court of First Instance (1985-1987) – Mr Paulis has been part of DG Competition since 1982. He held the following posts before reaching his current position: case handler in antitrust and merger enforcement; acting head of unit in the Merger Task Force; head of unit for the legislation department, and director for policy and strategic support in charge of antitrust and merger policy, the coordination of enforcement, the European Competition Network and international relations. Mr Paulis was part of the team which set up the Merger Task Force, introducing a flat-management, teamwork-orientated approach to merger control which remains in place today. He has carried out a number of other reforms, in particular of the policy of vertical and horizontal restraints, of IPR restraints and he is currently carrying out the reform of the Commission’s policy in the field of abuse of dominant positions. In addition, for the period from 1990 until 1996 he was a visiting professor at the Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve, lecturing on EU competition law, and in 2004-2005 he served as co-chairman of the International Competition Network’s cartel section, which brings together over 80 competition agencies. He was awarded the US Eisenhower Fellowship, enabling him to follow a visitors’ programme focused on US federal and judicial issues, and the Dr Kissinger Chairman’s Fellowship award in recognition for his achievements and leadership qualities displayed during the Fellowship. Mr Paulis has written numerous articles in the field of tax and competition law and other Community law topics, has been speaker at numerous EU and international conferences, and is a member of the advisory board of the St. Gallen International Competition Law Forum.

Peeperkorn, Luc

European Commission – Competition
Policy Analyst – principal administrator
Country of origin: The Netherlands
T: +32 2 2962539
Mr Peeperkorn studied political science and economics at the University of Amsterdam (1976-1984). During 1985-1991 he was assistant professor and lecturer at the Erasmus University in Rotterdam, teaching and researching industrial and welfare economics and public finance. In 1991 he embarked on a career in the European institutions, joining the state aid section of DG Competition, responsible for aid to shipbuilding and in particular preparing policy on aid to the shipyards of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). Since 1995, he has been a principal administrator at DG Competition, working on policy projects such as the Article 82 review. His present duties include antitrust coordination of cases and policy reviews, in particular preparing regulations and guidelines concerning vertical agreements, de-minimis issues, technology transfer agreements and abuse of dominance.
Selected publications:
Regeringspopulariteit en Economische Omstandigheden, with T.B.M. Steenkamp, Maandschrift Economie, no. 2, 1986, p. 85-98
Mededingingsbeleid op klompen, Tijdschrift voor Politieke Ekonomie, autumn 1987, p. 57-75
European Merger Control: an Assessment of the New Regulation, paper presented at the 1990 E.A.R.I.E.-Conference, Lisbon, September 1990
Competition Policy Implication from Game Theory: an Evaluation of the Commission’s Policy on Information Exchange, paper presented at the CEPR/European University Institute Workshop, Florence, November 1996
IP Licenses and Competition Rules: Striking the Right Balance, World Competition 26(4), p.527-539, 2003
The Economics of Competition, with Vincent Verouden, chapter in The EC Law of Competition, Faull & Nikpay, Oxford University Press, forthcoming
Vertical Agreements, with Donncadh Woods and Mario Filipponi, chapter in The EC Law of Competition, Faull & Nikpay, Oxford University Press, forthcoming
Intellectual Property, with Kevin Coates and Lars Kjolbye, chapter in The EC Law of Competition, Faull & Nikpay, Oxford University Press, forthcoming

Peiro, Francisco

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – transport
T: +32 2 2986430

Perals Dominguez, Fernando

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2987139
Mr Dominguez Perals is currently a case handler for trade defence investigations in DG Trade. He obtained a masters degree in economics at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and an MBA from the Universidad de Navarra-IESE. Before joining the Commission he was a financial analyst for Banco Pastor and Credito Italiano.

Perreau de Pinninck, Fernando

European Commission – Trade
Head of Unit – export policies export credits and dual use goods
T: +32 2 2961932

Petersen, Morten

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2988268

Petriccione, Mauro

European Commission – Trade
Director – Policy coordination
T: +32 2 2961666

Petschke, Matthias

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Head of Unit – formulation and enforcement of public procurement law
T: +32 2 2966867

Pieké, Wouter

European Commission – Competition
Head of Unit – research and development, innovation and risk capital
Country of origin: The Netherlands
T: +32 2 2959824
Mr Pieké is head of unit G3 state aid to research and development, innovation, risk capital in DG Competition. He studied political and social sciences at the University of Amsterdam. After completing his studies he was recruited to the Ministry of Economic Affairs in the Hague responsible for international industrial matters (1978-1983). Mr Pieké arrived at the Commission in 1984 and was recruited to DG Competition. He started off as a case handler in state aid control (aid to sectors and industrial companies, German unification aid) and was promoted to a series of senior positions, before obtaining his present post; deputy head of unit state aid control until 1995, head of unit in anti-trust (chemical industry, later basic industry) from 1995-1999, head of unit regional aid (2000-2004) and head of unit fiscal aid (2004-2005). Equipped with over 20 years institutional experience he became head of unit G3 state aid to R&D, innovation, risk capital in 2005.

Piesiewicz, Grazyna

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – information industries, internet and consumer electronics
Country of origin: Poland
T: +32 2 2980124
A case officer in DG Competition’s information industries and consumer electronics unit since 2006, Ms Piesiewicz joined the Commission in 2005 as a legal and policy officer in the industrial property unit of DG Internal Market and Services. She graduated from the school of law at the prestigious University of California, Berkeley in 2002, taking further legal qualifications from the the Université Panthéon-Assas, Paris II in 2003 and the College of Europe, Bruges in 2004.

Pignataro Nolin, Laura

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Italian)
T: +32 2 2954905

Pihlatie, Jorma

European Commission – Competition
Head of Unit – environment and energy
T: +32 2 2953607

Pinto, Carlo

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler active in monitoring and follow-up of third country TDI actions against the EU
T: +32 2 2985289

Pirotte, Charles

European Commission – Environment
Legal Policy Officer – infringements
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +32 2 2992347
An environmental lawyer graduating from the University of Liège who completed his post-graduate studies at the College of Europe, before joining the Commission Mr Pirotte worked as a trainee lawyer at a Brussels-based international law firm. In 1992, leaving private practice he became an institutional lawyer in the Commission, in the department responsible for the free movement of goods. From 1995 onwards, he moved to DG Environment where he has been working as a legal policy officer on community environmen-tal law enforcement, in-house legal advice on impact assessment, access to the environmen-tal information, waste, chemical substances and institutional issues such as Comitology.

Plijter, Roelof

European Commission – Trade
Head of Unit – market access and industry
T: +32 2 2968347

Pool, Michel

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2987861

Post, Hendrik

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Director for administration and communication
T: +32 2 2966606

Quintans Ferreira Braga da Cruz, Goncalo

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – codification (Portuguese)
T: +32 2 2984674

Rabin, Christophe

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments – enforcement official
T: +32 2 2950864

Ragonig, Reinhard

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments proceedings
T: +32 2 2959976

Raith, Raimund

European Commission – Legal Service
Legal Adviser at the Permanent Delegation of the European Commission in Geneva
Country of origin: Germany
T: +41 22 9182220
Dr Raith studied law and economics at the Universities of Tübingen, Geneva and the prestigious Law School of the University of Michigan (LLM 1981). He has been a member of the New York Bar since 1982. Before joining the Commission staff he worked as an assistant professor in the law department of the European University Institute in Florence, Italy (1979-1980). Dr Raith embarked on a career in the Commission in 1984 as an administrator in the tax division of the DG for Financial Institutions and Taxation. In 1987 he moved to DG External Relations where he worked in the anti-dumping division, before becoming head of the Intellectual Property and Investment Section from 1991-1998. He participated in the GATT Uruguay round negotiations on Trade-Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) and was representative of the Community and its member states in the WTO-TRIPs Council and a Community negotiator for the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Investment Measures (TRIMs). In 1998 he joined the legal service and became member of the team dealing with legal aspects of the Community’s external relations. Since 2003 he has been Minister-Counsellor/Legal Adviser at the Permanent Delegation of the European Commission in Geneva. Dr Raith has carried out numerous teaching assignments and published widely on the subject of intellectual property rights protection, international and comparative trade and economic law.

Rammos, Athanassios

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2957889

Randvere, Eve

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Estonian)
T: +32 2 2984594

Ratso, Signe

European Commission – Trade
Director – WTO affairs, OECD and food-related sectors
T: +32 2 2993776
Mr Ratso is the director of DG Trade in the unit that is responsible for WTO and OECD issues, cooperation with international organisations, legal aspects of trade policy including dispute settlement understanding and trade barriers regulation, export credits and dual use of exports and food related sectors. Mr Ratso graduated cum laude in English philology and again in international trade and international economics, in both cases from the University of Tartu in Estonia. Prior to joining the Commission in 2006, he gained experience in international trade working as the deputy secretary-general at the Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs for 11 years. Leaving the ministry in 2002, he worked in the communications sector for the Republic of Estonia. This position enabled him to build a strong EU inter-institutional and political understanding as he was responsible for all EU-related issues in: trade and industry policies, EU internal market affairs, energy, transport and telecommunications. He was also responsible for coordinating Estonian policy positions for the Competition Council and for the Transport, Energy and Telecommunication Council. Joining the Commission in 2006, he was posted as principal adviser to the director-general in DG Trade, where he was responsible for horizontal policy and competition issues, and coherence between the internal policies of the Union and the related aspects of its external trade policy.

Rego Casais, Veronica

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Officer
T: +32 2 2964704

Righini, Elisabetta Italy

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2996160
Ms Righini has been a member of the state aid team in the Commission’s Legal Service since October 2004. Her current responsibilities include assisting the Commission in the preparation of state aid decisions as well as formulating regulations and guidelines, and representing the Commission before the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance. Ms Righini joined the external relations team of the Legal Service in 1999, where she worked on the application of rules relating to the WTO, multilateral environmental agreements, development policy and biotechnology. She also represented the Commission before WTO panels and the WTO’s appellate body both with written pleadings and hearings, and coordinated the advice of the Legal Service on biotech matters, representing it in the Commission’s Biotechnology steering committee. During 1999 she worked as a legal advisor on international investment policies and agreements at the UN conference on trade and development (UNCTAD) based in Geneva. Prior to joining the Commission Ms Righini worked on public economic law and EC law as a junior lawyer with Professor Alberto Predieri’s Florence-based practice (1995-1996) before joining Clifford Chance in London working in its trade group on international economic and trade law. With a broad WTO practice, she represented the firm in interviews and press and television media briefings on related issues. Ms Righini graduated from Università degli studi di Firenze in 1993, following a year spent as an EC scholarship student at University College. In 1997 she took a masters in law with merit from the University of London and followed this with various courses on European law at the European University Institute in Florence. She has guest lectured on trade law at the London School of Economics (1997) and the University of Copenhagen (1998), and was a visiting lecturer at Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London for the LLM course on international economic law (1998-2002). Her most recent academic work involved participation at the Avosette Group’s academic forum on GMO regulation at the University of Siena last year.
Selected publications:
A Case Study of the European Union’s Regulation of GMOs: Environment, Health, Consumer Rights and Economic Freedom, to be published in Biotechnologies and International Human Rights (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2006)
Il Protocollo di Cartagena sulla biosicurezza e gli accordi sul commercio internazionale (The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the agreements on international trade), in Rivista di diritto internazionale, 2001-III, pp.654-685
Indonesia – Certain Measures Affecting the Automobile Industry, WTO Panel Report, Legal Commentary, in International Trade Law Report, vol. III, 1999
EC – Regime for the Importation, Sale and Distribution of Bananas, WTO Panel e Appellate Body Reports, Legal Commentary in International Trade Law Report, vol. II, 1997
Le misure di limitazione volontaria alle esportazioni dopo l’Atto finale dell’Uruguay Round” (Voluntary Export Restraints after the Conclusion of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations), in Rivista di diritto internazionale, 1995-I, pp. 122-148

Rikkers, Evelyne

European Commission – Competition
Case Manager – basic industries, chemicals and pharmaceuticals
T: +32 2 2984134

Robinson, William

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (English)
T: +32 2 2991539
Rodríguez Pérez, Ana
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Policy Officer – regulated professions
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2996623
Ms Rodríguez Pérez holds a law degree from the University of Seville (1993), where she worked as a researcher for three more years and obtained a Licenciatura con Grado in 1996. She also holds a degree in public law from the University de Louvan-la-Neuve (1994) and a LLM from the College of Europe-Bruges (1995). She worked as an advisor in the regional government of Andalusia-Brussels delegation (1996-2001), before joining the European Commission in 2001, where she works as an administrator in DG Internal Market-Regulated Professions.

Roettger, Andreas

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments investigations
T: +32 2 2986393

Rosenbaum, Susanne

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Officer – guarantee schemes, enlargement – insurance and pensions
T: +32 2 2956661

Rouam, Claude

European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit – enlargement and neighbouring countries
T: +32 2 2957994

Rous-Svete, Barbara

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Slovenian)
T: +32 2 2999715

Rozet, Gerard

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – legal advisor (French)
T: +32 2 2957218

Rubene, Inese

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Latvian)
T: +32 2 2985173
Runge-Metzger, Artur
European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit – climate change strategy and international negotiation, monitoring of EU action
T: +32 2 2956898

Rutgeerts, Ann

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – antitrust and cartels
T: +32 2 2968688

Ryan, Stephen

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – merger policy and scrutiny
T: +32 2 2964585

Rydmark, Alexandra

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – WTO dispute settlement/TBR
T: +32 2 2957784

Saenz de Maturana, Patricia

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – telecommunications and post, information society coordination
T: +32 2 2986984

Sakkers, Ewoud

European Commission – Competition
Head of Unit – cartels
The Netherlands
T: +32 2 2966352
Since 2006 Mr Sakkers has been the head of the cartels unit in DG Competition. He is a graduate of the Bruges College of Europe, where he took a masters in European Law in 1991. From 1991 to 1993 he worked as an in-house counsel in KPN Telecom in the Netherlands before embarking on his career in the EU. In 1993 he was recruited into DG Trade, working on anti-dumping, and in 1997 he joined the staff of DG Competition gaining valuable experience from a series of positions including the Merger Control Task Force (1997-2001). He became deputy head of the cartels unit in 2005 before promotion to the leadership of the unit last year.
Selected publications:
Finding the right remedy: a risky business (Commitments in EU Merger Control), Dutch Competition Law Review, 2000
Prologue in Getting the Deal Through, Merger Control in Europe, AIJA/Kluwer, 2001
Obstruction in EC Cartel Cases, Canadian Bar Association, 2004
Cartel chapter in Faul & Nikpay, The EC Law of Competition, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2007

Salsi, Angelo

European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit – financial processing and assistance
T: +32 2 2969376

Samnadda, Julie

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Policy Officer – legal adviser EU policy and international – copyright and knowledge-based economy
T: +32 2 2964155

Santaolalla Gadea, Francisco

European Commission – Legal Service
Director – principal legal advisor
(Spanish)
T: +32 2 961956

Sauer, Ralf

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2997877
Mr Sauer is a graduate of Yale Law School, where he received his LLM in 1997 and a doctorate in law in 2000, having completed a thesis on environmental law issues. Between 1998 and 1999 he was also a research fellow at Harvard Law School. Dr Sauer completed his preliminary legal studies at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich in 1995, where he remained for a further year as a lecturer and researcher. He joined the Commission’s Legal Service in 2006, after three years spent in private practice with Hengeler Mueller’s Brussels office.
Selected publications:
Geteiltes oder einheitliches Vergaberecht?, DÖV 2006, 55 ff. (with Dr Martin Hollands).
Mangelnder Rechtsschutz im Unterschwellenbereich: Verfassungsrechtliche Zweifel (und politischer Handlungsbedarf), NZBau 2006, 763 ff. (with Dr Martin Hollands).

Scatizzi, Silvia

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Officer and Administrator – banking and financial conglomerates unit
Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2960881
Ms Scatizzi holds a law degree from the University of Milan (1988). She arrived at the Commission following a background of private practice of six years in the firm of Avv. Canzano e Avv. Manzato, Milan (1989-1991), of Avv. Acerbi, Milan (1991-1994) and Rechstanwalt Gebhardt, Milan (1994-1995). Ms Scatizzi joined then the Commission, at first in DG Translation (1995-1999) and then DG Internal Market and Services, where she is working as an administrator in the banking and financial conglomerates unit.

Schally, Hugo Maria

European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit – international affairs, trade and environment
Country of origin: Austria
T: +32 2 2958569
Dr Schally is a senior executive with an academic legal background and strong political experience. After obtaining a doctorate in law at the University of Graz (1976-1980), Dr Schally then pursued academic research at the Diplomatic Academy in Vienna (1984-1986). From 1981 Dr Schally briefly practiced law in Klagenfurt, Austria before embarking on a long and successful political career at three highly respected organisations. In 1986 he worked for the United Nations Development Programme as a junior professional officer in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso before he was offered a post at the Austrian Ministry for Foreign Affairs the following year. Dr Schally has had a wide range of important posts while working for the ministry, which included working for the department for development co-operation (1987-1988); deputy consul general in the Austrian consulate general in Los Angeles (1988-1991); counsel for the permanent mission of Austria to the United Nations Office in Geneva, (1991-1994); head of unit in the office of the legal adviser (1994-1995); and head of unit for environment and energy affairs (1995-1997). In 1997 Dr Schally worked as a deputy director for conference services at the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe for one short year before joining the Commission. For nine years he has held the position of head of unit in three DGs. In 1998 he was head of unit for relations with international organizations in DG external relations. After one year he moved to DG Development as a head of unit for multilateral affairs and relations with donors, where she worked for six years. At present he is the head of unit for multilateral environment agreements and trade for DG Environment.

Schaps, Jens

European Commission – Trade
Head of Unit – economic and trade affairs manager
T: +32 2 2953034

Scharf, Tibor

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2965994
Mr Scharf graduated in law from Trinity College, Oxford University in 1993, before qualifying as a solicitor. After two years spent working for London-based firm Wilde Sapte (now Denton Wilde Sapte), he decided to leave private practice and join the Commission. In 1998 he was recruited by the antitrust and energy unit of DG Competition, from where he moved to the Legal Service in 2002.
Selected publications:
Chapter (co-authored with I. Orssich) on the application of state aid rules to culture and sports in: “The EC State Aid Regime – Distortive Effects of State Aid on Competition and Trade”, ed. by M. Sanchez-Rydelski,
Chapter on state aids in the transport sector in: “EC State Aids”, ed. by Leigh Hancher, Piet Jan Slot, T.R. Ottervanger

Schieferer, Josef Christian

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(German)
T: +32 2 2990717

Schima, Bernhard

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Austria
T: +32 2 2960372
Mr Schima has served as a member of the European Commission’s Legal Service since 2003. He obtained a Mag. iur from the University of Vienna in 1991 and a Doctor iur. from the same University in 1994. After completing postgraduate studies at Harvard Law School in 1994 he joined the constitutional department of the Austrian federal chancellery. From 1995 to 2003 he worked as a legal secretary to Judge Dr Peter Jann at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. He has taught and published extensively on various matters of Community law.

Schmidt, Bernd-Andreas

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2956274

Schoefer, Bettina

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision
(German)
T: +32 2 2990669

Schomaker, Astrid

European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit – international relations, governance and development
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2969641
Ms Schomaker is the head of unit for international relations, governance and development in DG Environment. A multi-linguist who speaks German, French, English and Spanish, she has completed her state law exams in Hamburg and an LLM in international legal corporation in Brussels. Her first institutional position in 1989 was working as an assistant for the European Parliament. After a brief stay in Brussels she returned home to do a fellowship in the Department of European Law at Hamburg University. Continuing on this legal academic track, in 1992 she accepted a role as a visiting scholar in the law faculty at the University of Ann Arbor, Michigan, however she did not stay away from Brussels for too long. Returning in 1992 she worked for four years in the Commission as an administrator in the unit for EU and US trade and economic relations; she was involved in the negotiation of the new transatlantic agenda. From 1996-1999, she returned to the US to take up the prestigious position as the first secretary for political affairs for the EC Delegation. From 1999-2001, equipped with international expertise, she was sent back to Brussels to work as the principal administrator in the unit for relations with Japan, Korea, Australia and New Zealand in DG External Relations. After one year she was promoted to the head of unit for relations with the Andean community in DG External Relations. Leading a team of eight officials she was responsible for the management of relations with the five Andean countries where she assisted with the negotiations to create a new political dialogue and cooperation agreement. In 2004, she switched directorates to become a head of unit in environment where she is currently dealing with the co-ordination of DG Environment’s relations with third countries and international organisations. Ms Schomaker’s aim as head of unit is to integrate environmental issues into external relations and development policies.

Schumm, Konrad

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – telecommunications and post, information society coordination
T: +32 2 2959217

Schwimman, Irmfried

European Commission – Competition
Head of Unit – financial services banking and insurance
Country of origin: Austria
T: +32 2 2967002
On joining the European Commission in 1999, Ms Schwimann’s first post was with DG Internal Market and Services. After seven years she moved to DG Competition, where she became head of the financial services unit. Before joining the Commission she had previously worked for the Austrian Ministry for Foreign Affairs (1984-1989) and Uniqa Insurance Group (1989-1999). Ms Schwimman graduated from the prestigious Paris-based Institut d’Études Politiques (Sciences-Po) (1982) and gained a doctorate in law from the University of Linz (1983).

Sebastiani, Camilla

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – telecommunications and post information society co-ordination
Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2961541
With a degree in economics (1997) Ms Sebastiani completed a traineeship in the telecommunications, post and information society unit of DG Competition in 1999. She returned to the same unit in 2005 as a national expert. Before her return to the European Institutions she spent six years working in the competition and market analysis department of L’ Autorità per le Garanzie nelle Communicazioni (one of Italy’s national regulatory authorities). Before undertaking her first traineeship at the Commission she had spent a year working for the telecommunications unit of L’Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato (Italy’s national competition authority), and a further year (1998-1999) employed in the competition, regulation and monitoring department of Telecom Italia.

Sequeira Wandschneider, Paulo

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2992654

Servert Martin, J.

European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2958006

Simonsson, Knut

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Swedish)
T: +32 2 2991694

Simphal, Thibaud

European Commission – Trade
Assistant Case Handler – trade defence instruments
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2980553
Mr Simphal is an assistant case handler for large civil aircraft WTO disputes in DG Trade. He graduated in law from King’s College London, before going on to take a masters in law and an MSc in management from the Université Paris Panthéon-Assas. As a multi-jurisdictional lawyer, he was recruited to corporate law firm Deprez Dian Guignot in Paris. Completing a general economics course at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers opened the way for him to work as an analyst intern at the Caisse des Dépots et Consignations in Paris before arriving at the European Commission. He joined DG Trade in 2005.

Sitbon, Eric

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Desk Officer – formulation and enforcement of public procurement law
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2985371
A visiting scholar at Columbia University School of Law, USA between 1991 and 1992, Mr Sitbon subsequently obtained a masters degree in business law from Paris X University in 1993 and a PhD in public law from Lille University in 1999. Admitted to the Paris Bar he worked as a lawyer specialised in public law and EC law (January 1995 to December 2002). In January 2003 he joined the European Commission in Brussels as an administrator in DG Internal Market and Services – where he still works as an official – dealing with infringement procedures involving France as well as the reform of the remedies directives. His current duties include revision of the remedies directives in the field of public procurement in Unit C2 – Public Procurement Policy. Mr Sitbon has had various publications and speeches on remedies reform in the field of public procurement.

Slingenberg, Yvon

European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit – chemicals
T: +32 2 2992036

Smyth, Robert

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2996374

Soderholm, Mirjam

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Deputy Head of Unit – industrial property
T: +32 2 2959329

Sottong-Micas, Christine

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – distributive trades and other services
T: +32 2 2995762

Sourmelis, Petros

European Commission – Trade
Head of Unit – international negotiations in the areas of trade in services and investments
Country of origin: Greece
T: +32 2 2987935
Since 1 January 2005 Mr Sourmelis has been the head of the DG Trade unit in charge of international negotiations in the areas of trade in services and investment. In this capacity, he is directly involved in the GATS negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda, in WTO accession negotiations as well as in bilateral and regional negotiations conducted by the EU. From 2001 until 2004, Petros Sourmelis was the head of the trade section of the Commission’s delegation to Washington. Prior to this he was responsible, as deputy head of unit, for WTO dispute settlement matters and for the implementation of the Trade Barriers Regulation. Mr Sourmelis is a Greek born in Istanbul. He has postgraduate degrees in international public law and international private law from the University of Paris-I. He joined the European Commission in 1989.

Speight, Paul

European Commission – Environment
Policy Officer – legislation
T: +32 2 2964135

Springer, Peter

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments investigations
T: +32 2 2960524

Stovlbaek, Hans

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(Danish)
T: +32 2 2955678

Striani, Rosalba

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – merger policy and scrutiny
T: +32 2 2989319

Stromsky, Bruno

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
T: +32 2 2951705

Struncova, Tereza

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Desk Officer – services
T: +32 2 2968914

Suchardová, Michaela

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Policy Officer – insurance and pensions
Country of origin: Czech Republic
T: +32 2 2956410
During the 2004 accession process of the Eastern European states into the EU community there has been a migration of younger civil servants looking to carve careers in the European Institutions. Lawyers are naturally at the forefront of this movement, such as Ms Suchardová, who arrived in Brussels following her postgraduate studies in Stockholm, where she took her LLM at the University in 2003, building on her foundation law degree from Prague’s Charles University. Joining DG Competition direct from Stockholm in 2003, Ms Suchardová transferred to DG Internal Market and Services in 2005, where she currently works as a legal officer in the insurance and pensions unit.

Šustrová, Lenka

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler
Country of origin: Czech Republic
T: +32 2 2957014
Ms Šustrová is a seconded national expert who works as a case handler for investigations relating to trade defence instruments in DG Trade. Her current responsibilities include: analysing and assessing legal and economic aspects of investigations; drafting documents and correspondence with all interested parties; carrying out on-spot verifications at the premises of the cooperating parties; preparing and presenting conclusions of the investigations to the hierarchy; presenting proposals to the Advisory and Council Committees and preparing and drafting proposals for Commission and Council acts. Having obtained a degree in international trade and a masters in European integration from the University of Economics, Prague, before joining the Commission, she gained experience at the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic working in the department of multilateral and common trade policy.

Suurnakki, Sari

European Commission – Competition
Deputy Head of Unit – cartels
T: +32 2 2991828

Swinnen, Tom

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2996499

Synowiec, Ewa

European Commission – Trade
Director of Public Procurement and Intellectual Property, Bilateral Trade Relations
Country of origin: Poland
T: +32 2 2993810
Currently a director in DG Trade. In 1986, Ms Synowiec graduated with a masters degree from Warsaw School of Economics. In 1992, she went on to complete a doctorate. Before joining the Commission, in 1986 she became a research fellow at the Warsaw-based Foreign Trade Research Institute (FTRI). From 1991-2003, she was promoted to editor-in-chief of the FTRI’s monthly journal, European Communities. Having gained ample institutional experience working at the FTRI, she was asked to advise the Polish minister in the Office of the Committee for European Integration, and in 2003 she became the deputy head of the permanent representation of Poland to the EU. Moving from the permanent representation into the Commission itself, she was promoted to director of DG Trade, responsible for textiles, new technologies, intellectual property, public procurement, trade analysis and bilateral trade relations with Japan. From the beginning of 2007, her responsibilities have been extended to include bilateral trade relations with countries of the former Soviet Union, the Balkans and EFTA states.
Selected publications:
“Consequences of the accession to the EU for Polish trade policy” (co-author), Governmental Centre of Strategic Studies, Warsaw, 2003 (in Polish); “Poland in the European Union”, FTRI, Warsaw, 2004 (scientific supervisor and co-ordinator with E.Kawecka-Wyrzykowska and author of two chapters: Active Observer Status of Poland in the European Union; Adoption by Poland of the Community export Policy Measures; “European Union”, FTRI, Warsaw, 2004 (scientific supervisor and coordinator with E.Kawecka-Wyrzykowska and author of 11 chapters)

Szarka, Agnes

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – telecommunications and post, information society coordination
Country of origin: Hungary
T: +32 2 2953164
Ms Szarka joined the Commission in 2006 as a case handler in DG Competition’s unit C-1, working in the field of telecommunications and postal services. She completed her legal studies in 1997 at Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and obtained a masters in law from the University of London in 2003. Before joining the European Institutions she worked from 1997 to 2006 as an associate at private firm Nagy és Trócsányi in Budapest, and was a visiting attorney at Coudert Brothers Brussels office in 2005.
Selected publications:
A Worldwide Desk Reference – Author of the chapter on Hungary, International Product Liability Law (Aspatore 2004)

Tari, Andras

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – state aid and regional aid
T: +32 2 2996331

Telea, Florina Roxana

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Romanian)
T: +32 2 2981131

Temmink, Harrie

European Commission – Competition
Legal and Policy Affairs Officer – industrial property
T: +32 2 2985612

Terták, Elemér

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Director – financial institutions
Country of origin: Hungary
T: +32 2 2980967
A director in DG Internal Market and Services, Mr Tertak arrived at the Commission following a background of private practice mainly in banking. After a preliminary degree in electrical engineering from the Technical University of Economics in Budapest, he carried out further study and research on marketing and economics at the Marx Károly University of Economics in Budapest before completing his doctorate in economics at the the city’s University of Economics. From 1993 he worked at Hungary’s National Deposit Insurance Fund before moving to Daewoo Bank Ltd (now KDB Bank (Hungary) Ltd). After working for the Hungarian Ministry of Finance between 2001 and 2002 he then moved to Dresdner Bank Ltd (Hungaria) for a year before returning to the Hungarian Ministry of Finance for another year. He worked for another Budapest-based bank, Hitelgarancia, before joining the ranks of 2004 accession states’ personnel at the Commission as a director in the financial institutions unit of DG Internal Market and Services.

 

Thompson, Peter

European Commission – Trade
Director – development and EPAs
Country of origin: United Kingdom
T: +32 2 2967584
Mr Thompson is the director of development and management of free trade and economic partnership agreements with the American Caribbean and Pacific countries, Latin America, GCC and Iran in DG Trade. He holds a degree from London University and a masters in applied economics from Cornell University. He has been involved in making, advising and implementing policy for 20 years for the Commission. Prior to joining the Commission in 1983, Mr Thompson worked in academia as a research specialist and a management lecturer. In his first position at the Commission he worked as an international cereals market specialist in the cereals division. He was responsible for the development and execution of market and management strategies for Community cereals, especially fixing import levies and export refunds. He advised on policy and prepared technical and political dossiers on international trade matters for cereals. From 1987-1991, gaining experience in international trade policies, he was posted as a US and Canadian desk officer in international bilateral affairs. His duties included: negotiating with third countries, in particular the US, on agricultural trade matters; analysing agricultural policies of third countries and making recommendations to the Commission on action to be pursued; presenting and defending the Commission on these issues to the European Council of Ministers and Parliament and representing the Commission in the International Wheat Council. From 1991-1992, he moved from agriculture to energy, acting as an oil specialist for the oil and gas unit of DG Trade. He was mainly involved in policy making, analysing and preparing policy proposals relating to the oil market in the EU, including emergency stocks, the creation of an internal oil and gas market which would be subject to aspects of public procurement, exploration and production, licensing and competition policy. As a specialist, he represented the EC in the oil committee of the International Energy Agency, where he prepared and presented the Commission’s oil market and refining report in 1992. From 1992-1999, he was appointed the deputy head of the unit for new technologies, intellectual property and public procurement. He managed, coordinated and executed EC trade policy, multilaterally and bilaterally, in the fields of high technology which included aircraft, information technology and space. From 1999-2000, he was posted as the head of unit for antidumping and anti-subsidy investigations. During this time, he acted as chairman of the EC anti-dumping committee. From 2000-2002, he acted as head of agriculture, fisheries and biotechnology responsible for ensuring that policy, development of legislation and implementation in the fields of agriculture, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, food safety, fisheries and biotechnology complied with the Commission’s multilateral and bilateral obligations. From 2002-2006, he left Brussels to work as the deputy head of the EC delegation in Geneva. The delegation represents the Commission in all the international organisations based in Geneva. In trade matters, he represented the EU common policy in worldwide negotiations. Returning to Brussels in 2006, he was appointed as the director dealing with bilateral trade relations with African Caribbean and Pacific countries, central and South America, the Gulf countries, Iraq and Iran as well as those countries to whom the EU applies a general system of preference in trade matters. He represents the Commission in negotiations related to trade issues.

Tigchelaar, Nynke

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – media
T: +32 2 2957278

Toffolon, Carlo Italy

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – distributive trade and other services
Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2998439
Mr Toffolon graduated from the Università degli Studi di Firenze (1991-1997) with a degree in law. After obtaining his legal degree he briefly practised law for two years and then continued his legal studies in Collegio Europeo di Parma, where he received his diploma in European studies (1999). His first contact with the European Institutions was in 2000, when he arrived in Brussels to take up a traineeship in the Commission. After completing his stagiare he was immediately employed as an administrator in DG Internal Market and Services, in the unit relating to copyright and neighbouring rights (2001-2006). Since March 2006 he has been working as an administrator in DG Competition, in the unit responsible for distributive trade and other services.

Toft, Torben

European Commission – Competition
Policy Desk Officer – formulation of international competition policy
Country of origin: Denmark
T: +32 2 2957789
Mr Toft graduated from Århus University in Denmark in 1985 with a degree in law and obtained a diploma in advanced European studies and law from the College of Europe, Bruges in 1987. After working for a year as an administrator in the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Copenhagen he decided to come to Brussels to work as an assistant with Van Bael & Bellis, returning to Copenhagen a year later to practise with Advokaterne Bredgade 3. Four years later he decided to return to Brussels to join the Commission. From 1992-1994 he worked in DG Enterprise and Industry and since 1994 he has been a principal administrator in DG Competition.
Toledano, Fernando
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Head of Unit for information technology and document handling
T: +32 2 2968177

Tolvanen, Seppo

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments investigations
Country of origin: Finland
T: +32 2 2955946
Mr Tolvanen is an investigator in fair trade investigations in DG Trade. He is an well-rounded academic who has completed a degree in economics, computer science and EU science at Kuopio University in Finland. Before joining the Commission he worked as a systems analyst, project leader, sales manager and technical director in a computer company. After promotion to managerial and consultancy roles within computer companies, he took his first institutional position in the Commission as a project leader in computer projects before moving to DG Trade as an investigator.

Tomaras, Konstantinos

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Policy Officer – financial markets infrastructure
T: +32 2 2964275

Tretton, Walter

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
T: +32 2 2955180

Triantafyllou, Dimitris

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Greece
T: +32 2 2961570
Professor Triantafyllou has been a member of the European Commission Legal Service since 1996. He graduated in 1985 from the University of Athens with a degree in law, took a DEA from the University of Strasbourg and a doctorate from the University of Heidelberg (1989). Professor Triantafyllou joined the European institutions in 1987, as a lawyer linguist at the Luxembourg-based European Court of Justice. In 1991 he was seconded to the Ministry of Economic Affairs in Athens, where he was entrusted with the transposition of the EU banking directives into Greek law. From 1991 to 1993 he worked as an external scientific collaborator at the University of Heidelberg. Professor Triantafyllou returned to the European Institutions in 1992, when he was appointed as an administrator to the secretariat of the European Court of Justice. After six months in that post he moved to Brussels and became an administrator at DG Internal Market. Four year later he became a member of the Legal Service. From 2002 to 2003 he was again seconded, this time to the task force on the future of the EU, rejoining the Legal Service in 2003, where he remains employed. He was a visiting professor at the Université Paris X from 2004 to 2006 and a professor at the University of Strasbourg from 1993 to 2004. Since 2000 he has been professor at the University of Würzburg, delivering courses on public companies, general principles of European administrative law, public service and the European Constitution. Professor Triantafyllou has published a wide range of books and articles.
Selected publications:
Books:
Vom Vertrags-zum Gesetzesvorbehalt; Beitrag zum positiven Rechtmässigkeitsprinzip,
Baden-Baden, Nomos 1996.
Des compétences d’attribution au domaine de la loi, Bruxelles, Bruylant 1999 (étude sur la notion de la loi et de la base légale en droit communautaire).
Le projet constitionnel de la Convention européenne, Bruylant 2003 (et en grec, Athènes, Sakkoulas 2003) - Nouvelle édition : La Constitution de l’ Union européenne (Bruylant 2005). (FR, GR).
Articles:
In English
Abuse of rights against Primacy? Common Market Law Review 1999/2
The European Charter of fundamental rights and the “rule of law”, CMLR 2002, p. 53 et s.
State aids and bankruptcy, (European Law for the XXI century, Oxford 2004, II-273 et s.)
Taxation of Teloms in EC, Computer & Telecommunications Law Review 2006 (sous parution)
In French
Aides d’état et fiscalité, L’Observateur de Bruxelles, mars 1998, p. 35 et s.
L’encadrement communautaire du financement du service public (RTDE avril 1999)
La confiance légitime en tant qu’ instrument de cohésion en droit communautaire (RFDA 2000), p. 246 et s.
Le financement du service public bancaire, Revue européenne de droit bancaire 2000, p. 239
L’égalité devant l’impôt à travers le droit communautaire des aides d’ état, Mélanges Kakouris, Bruylant 2003 (p. 377 s.)
Le principe général de l’ interdiction de l’ abus de droit en droit communautaire (CDE, 2003, p. 613 s)
La géographie et la Cour de Justice, RMC 2005, p. 451 s
La doctrine fiscale sous l’ emprise du marché intérieur: vers une coordination de la fiscalité directe dans la CE? Droit fiscal, 2006, p. 1189 s
In German
Zur Europaïsierung des subjektiven öffentlichen Rechts, DÖV 1997
Rechtsgemeinschaft vs. Sozialgemeinschaft, EuR 1998, 691 et s.
Europaïsierte Privatrechtsgestaltung im Bereich der Förderungsaufsicht, Die offentliche Verwaltung 1999, p.51 et s.
Rechtschutz im europäischen Beihilfewesen, Europarecht 2003, p. 480 s.
In Greek
A la recherche d’une conscience européenne, Evropaïki Ekfrassi 1995 (août)
Justice administrative et Constitution européenne, Tome festif du CdE 2004, p. 1355 s.
In Spanish
Qué gobierno para Europa, Vanguardia magazine, 16 avril 2003
El proyecto de Constitucion, Vanguardia periodico, 20 juin 2003

Troosters, Rudi

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(Dutch)
T: +32 2 2954109

Tserepa-Lacombe, Helene

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(Greek)
T: +32 2 2958014

Tsoraklidis, Lazaros

European Commission – Competition
Administrative Assistant – telecommunicat-ions and post, information society coordination
T: +32 2 2964624

Tufvesson, Elsa Christina

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – legal advisor (Swedish)
T: +32 2 2959203

Urraca Caviedes, Carlos

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Spanish)
T: +32 2 2952131

Vaigauskaite, Dovile

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – consumer goods and foodstuffs
Country of origin: Lithuania
T: +32 2 2950057
Originally from Lithuania, Ms Vaigauskaite graduated from the Concordia International University in neighbouring Estonia with a bachelor of jurisprudence in international, comparative and EU law (2002) and carried out a further year of study at the University of Amsterdam where she obtained a masters in EU business law (2003). After completing her studies she worked as an EU legal expert at the T.M.C. Asser Institute, based in The Hague. In 2004 she completed a traineeship in DG Competition, returning a year later when she was recruited in June 2005 as a case handler dealing consumer goods and foodstuffs.
Selected publications:
The relationship between the football club and the professional football player, the case of Lithuania, co-author, International Sports Law Journal (1-2/2004),
Application of EC antitrust rules in the sport sector, co-author, Competition Policy Newsletter (Nr. 3/2005),
Prokent/Tomra, a textbook case? Abuse of dominance under perfect information, co-author, Competition Policy Newsletter (Nr. 2/2006).
Vainio, Matti
European Commission – Environment
Deputy Head of Unit – energy and environment
Country of origin: Finland
T: +32 2 2996138
Mr Vainio is the acting head of the energy and environment unit whose current responsibilities include developing EU energy policies, a hot topic at at the moment. His degrees include a masters in economics at the Helsinki School of Economics and Business administration; a masters in political science; a postgraduate degree at Columbia University; and a doctorate in economics also from Helsinki. Before joining the Commission in 1997, Mr Vainio has had a colourful history of overseas institutional jobs. From 1982-1984, he was employed as a socio-economic statistician for the Central Statistical Office of Zimbabwe. From 1984-1987, he was a programme officer on transport issues at the Ministry for Foreign affairs of Finland. From 1987-1992, he landed a managerial position as a director at Coopers & Lybrand. From 1995-1997, he moved to UNCTAD to work as an economic affairs officer, before relocating to Brussels in 1997. There he worked in DG Economic and Financial Affairs for one year before moving to DG Environment. His current responsibilities include evolving the environmental dimension of the EU’s energy policy by assisting and carrying out coherent impact assessments, implementing and revising the national emissions ceiling directive and any other related European and international legislation. In addition to his publications, Mr Vainio has delivered many papers to international seminars and conventions related to his field of work.
Selected publications:
“Economic Analysis of EU-wide CO2 Emission Trading in EU Energy Law, Vol IV EU Environmental Law” (with P. Zapfel) The EU Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading Scheme (Claeys & Casteels, 2006) “Pathways to European Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading – History and Misconceptions” (with P. Zapfel) (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Note di Lavoro series, 2002)
“Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions in the EU-15: Reducing the costs of compliance to the Kyoto Protocol” (with D. de Jager, C. Hendriks, J. Harnisch, M. Marmelink, K. Blok, J. Bates, L. Mantzos), in Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Scientific Understanding, Control Options and Policy Aspects (Millpress, 2002)
“Interest of the European Commission in Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases”, in Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Scientific Understanding, Control Options and Policy Aspects (Millpress, 2002)
“Economic efficiency of cross-sectoral emission trading in CO2 in the European Union” (with P. Capros, L. Mantzos and P. Zapfel) in Instruments for Climate Policy: Limited versus Unlimited Flexibility. E. Elgar.

Valero Jordana, Gregorio

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Spanish)
T: +32 2 2995860

Valkenberg, Alain

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments investigations
T: +32 2 2997836

Valkenberg, Alain

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments investigations
T: +32 2 2997836

Valverde Lopez, Marina

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – codification (Spanish)
T: +32 2 2984353

Van Beek, Michel

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Dutch)
T: +32 2 2951990

van den Wyngaert, Phillippa

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (English)
T: +32 2 2952350

Van Depoele, Filip

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – distributive trades and other services
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +32 2 2995667
With a degree from the Catholic University of Leuven (1992) in applied economics, a masters in European economic studies from the College of Europe, Bruges (1993) and a diploma in international relations from the prestigious School of Advanced International Studies at John Hopkins University (1994), Mr Van Depoele joined the European Commission in 1997. He was recruited to DG Employment, where he worked in the social affairs and equal opportunities unit for nine years (1997-2006) before moving to his current position as a case handler in the antitrust unit at DG Competition. Before joining the European Institutions he worked as an account manager in the real estate department at the bank BBL (now ING) from 1994 to 1997.

van der Veer, Joep

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Policy Officer – legal adviser EU policy and international – copyright and knowledge-based economy
T: +32 2 2959399

van der Wee, Dominique

European Commission – Competition
Head of Unit – enforcement and monitoring
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +32 2 2960216
Mr van der Wee is head of the unit responsible for monitoring and enforcement of state aid decisions at DG Competition. With a degree in economics, he began working in the institutions at DG Regional Policy in 1987, switching to DG Competition in 1998.

van Haasteren, Augustijn

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
Country of origin: The Netherlands
T: +32 2 2963069
Qualifying from the Erasmus Universiteit (1988) and the College of Europe in Bruges (1989) he started working in the institutions in 1989. His first post was in Eurostat (1989-1995), from where he moved to DG Competition, unit C-2 dealing with the media sector (1995-1998) and subsequently in unit C-3 dealing with information industries, the internet and consumer electronics (1998-2004). Since then Mr van Haasteren has been a principal administrator in DG Competition’s unit B-1, responsible for the energy and water sectors. Mr van Haasteren has published various articles on competition policy.

Van Raemdonck, Fabienne

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments – official in charge of relations with industry
T: +32 2 2965090
Van Rijn, Thomas
European Commission – Legal Service
Director – principal legal advisor
(Dutch)
T: +32 2 2951818

Varenne, K.

European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2986895

Vargyas, Betty Diana

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments investigations
T: +32 2 2992341

Vereecken, Marc

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal advisor – better regulation cycle legal aspects
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +32 2 2959718
Mr Vereecken holds a masters in law from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (1993) and a diploma in international relations from the John Hopkins University in Bologna, Italy (1994-1995) where he also served as a teaching assistant in international trade theory in the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies. Mr Vereecken has had a very interesting career starting off in the European Commission, then leaving the Commission for four years of private practice in Allen & Overy before moving back to the Commission in 2005. In 1994 he was recruited to DG Competition in the public enterprises and state monopolies unit, where his duties were focused on the application of articles 101 and 102 of the EC Treaty (now articles 96 and 97). The following year he became desk officer in the payment systems, application of legislation and coordination unit in DG Internal Market and Services, responsible for the “Directive on settlement finality in payment and securities settlement systems”, and in 1998 desk officer in the unit responsible for financial institutions and banks, dealing with the codified banking directive and the directive on the reorganisation and winding up of credit institutions; complaints and infringement proceedings against member states; insolvency law, collateral law and international private law issues (including the revision of Conventions of Rome and Brussels). In 2001 he became an associate with Allen & Overy in Brussels and for the period 2002-2005, a senior associate with banking and finance as his main areas of practice. At the same time he continued his academic career as a lecturer in financial law, as an assistant to professor H Cousy in the financial law department of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (2000-2004). Since 2000 he has a teaching assignment in financial law for the Pallas postgraduate program in European law in the Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, Netherlands. Since 1998 he has also been a member of the steering committee and the board of editors of Euredia, the European banking and financial law journal based at Bruylant, Belgium. In 2005 Mr Vereecken made a rare come-back to the institutions from private practice to join the legal unit of the DG Internal Market and Services.
Selected publications:
The Implementation of the Financial Collateral Directive
in Belgium, Journal for International Banking Law and Regulation, May 2005, 222-229.
Belgian financial collateral law more liberal than EU Directive, Butterworths Journal of International Banking and Financial Law, April 2005, 147-149.
Monnaie Electronique: commentaire des directives européennes, Euredia, 2004/1, p. 43-79.
Cahiers de Droit Européen, 2004/1-2, p. 225-260.
Global Financial Services Regulators Europe, Co-author of the Belgian chapter, Richmond Tax and Law, 2004, p. 57-78.
Settlement Finality in the European Union: the EU Directive and its implementation in selected jurisdictions, Editor, Author of the chapter on “Directive 98/26/EC on Settlement Finality in Payment Systems and Securities Settlement Systems”, Series “Law of Business and Finance”, Volume 3, Kluwer Legal Publishers, 2003, p. 368.
Neue Zahlungsformen in der EU, Europäische Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsrecht, Verlag C.H. Beck München und Frankfurt a.M., 12. Jahrgang, 13/2001, S. 397-403.
Payment System Regulation in the European Union, Van Empel, Amsterdam Financial Series, Banking and EC law Commentary, Chapter 16,Payment System Rules in the European Union”, Kluwer, p. 1-344.
Electronic Money: EU legislative framework, European Business Law Review Kluwer Law International, Vol. 11, N° 6, p. 417-434
A single market for E-money, Journal of International Banking Regulation, Institutional Investor Journals, Vol. 2, N° 2, p. 55-76
Seuls des établissements de crédit peuvent recevoir des fonds remboursables du public. 1999.
Mais quelle est donc l’étendue de cette notion de fonds remboursables?, Comment on Case C-366/97 of the Court of Justice of the European Communities of 11 February 1999, Euredia, Bruylant, Volume 1, n° 2, p. 231-236.
Can a Member State require an additional guarantee agreement in the interest of the general good?, Comment on Case C-410/96 of the Court of Justice of the European Communities of 1 December 1998, Euredia, Bruylant, Volume 1, n° 1, p. 55-64.
Reducing Systemic Risk in Payment and Securities Settlement Systems, Financial Compliance and Regulation, Henry Stewart Publications, Volume 6, n° 2, p. 107-134.
Grenzüberschreitender Zahlungsverkehr im Europäischen Binnenmarkt Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Rechtsakademie Trier, Band 18, p. 139-157.
Virements Transfrontaliers et Systèmes de Règlement en Droit Communautaire, Observateur de Bruxelles, n° 21, p. 27-30.
Proposal for a Directive on Systemic Risk in Payment Systems, Financial Compliance and Regulation, Henry Stewart Publications, Volume 5, n° 1.
Competenza Comunitaria a Concludere Trattati Internazionali sul Commercio di Servizi, Diritto Comunitario e degli Scambi Internazionali, Anno XXXV, n° 1, p. 87-100.
De Informatieverplichting bij Vergoedingskwijtingen in Verzekeringscontracten, (Duty for the Insurer to inform the client of the legal consequences of the settlement of a claim), “Jura Falconis”, 1992-1993, n° 2.

Vesco, Enrico

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2993142

Vila de Benavent, Rodrigo

European Commission – Transport and Energy
Head of Unit – infrastructures and airports
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2968828
Mr Vila de Benavent is head of the unit for infrastructures and airports in DG Energy and Transport. He holds a law degree from Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (1983) and a further degree in biology from the Open University in Spain (2006). Previous Commission positions include stints as head of unit of the ports, short sea shipping and inland waterways; head of the environment and aviation safety unit and leader of the Commission’s Office for Pacific Overseas Countries and Territories.

Villar Ruberte, Yolando

European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2968055

Vittorio, Di Bucci

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(Italian)
T: +32 2 2996817

von Koppenfels, Ulrich

 

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2956608
Mr von Koppenfels is a case handler in the energy and water unit in DG Competition. He arrived at the Commission in 2000 as a seconded national expert in the merger task force (2000-2002), subsequently working as as a case handler in the Merger Task Force/Merger Network (2002-2006). Before joining the European institutions he worked as a case handler in the Bundeskartellamt (the German competition authority) based in Berlin and Bonn (1995-2000) and as a rechtsreferendar in Berlin (1992-1995). Mr von Koppenfels is a graduate of the University of Bonn (1987), the University of Genève (1988) and the University of Freiburg (1991). He obtained a diploma of advanced European legal studies from the College of Europe in Bruges (1992) and passed the second legal state exam in Berlin in 1995.
Selected publications:
Contributor, G. Drauz/C. Jones (ed.), EU Competition Law, volume II – Mergers and Acquisitions, 2006

Wäktare, Eleonora

European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – mergers
Sweden and Italy
T: +32 2 2960783
Ms Wäktare obtained her law degree from University of Liège, Belgium (2000) and her masters in law from the College of Europe (2002). Having her first institutional experience as a trainee in the Luxembourg-based EC Court of First Instance in 2002-2003, she was subsequently recruited into the energy unit of DG Competition at the Commission in 2005.

Walkerova, Katerina

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Czech Republic
T: +32 2 2963492
A Czech lawyer with four years’ private practice experience with Allen & Overy in Prague (1999-2003), Ms Walkerova arrived at the Commission in 2003 to join DG Competition. Since 2005 she has been a member of the Legal Service. Ms Walkerova completed her legal studies at Charles University in Prague (1998), and the universities of Frankfurt and Munich in Germany (1996). She obtained an LLM from Queen Mary and Westfield College, the University of London in 1999.

Walldorf, Markus

European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments investigations
T: +32 2 2985619

Wegerdt, P.

European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2956960

Weimar, Alexander

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(Dutch)
T: +32 2 2987357

Wenig, Fritz Harald

European Commission – Trade
Director of Trade Defence
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2958684
Dr Wenig is the director of trade defence in DG Trade. He obtained a doctorate in law from the University of München, Germany. After practising law for three years in Germany (1974-1977), he entered the civil service, working for the German Ministry of Economics. In 1979 he moved to Brussels where he became a principal adviser in DG Competition. Five years’ later he moved to Luxembourg to spend a three-year stint employed as a référendaire at the European Court of Justice. In 1987, he returned to the Commission in Brussels working in a senior executive position as deputy head of unit in DG External Relations. Before his current position he served as the assistant to the director-general of DG Enterprise.

Werring, Luc

European Commission – Transport and Energy
Principal Adviser – reporting directly to the director general
Country of origin: The Netherlands
T: +32 2 2968451
Mr Werring has over 15 years’ experience in the European institutions. After graduating from Delft University in the Netherlands with a masters in civil engineering (1974), he subsequently worked as a civil engineer in the public and private sectors and as a lecturer in applied mechanics. He joined the Commission as head of unit in DG Transport (1991-2000) and in DG Energy (2000-2005). Today he is a principal adviser in DG Transport and Energy.
Selected publications:
“EU Environmental Law – Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Sources”, Claeys & Casteels, 2006

Wessman, Peter

European Commission – Environment
Legal Officer – sustainable production and consumption
T: +32 2 2991227

White, Eric

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – legal adviser (English)
T: +32 2 2954856
Mr White graduated in law and natural sciences from Downing College, Cambridge University, in 1974, qualifying as a solicitor in 1977. In 1978 he completed a traineeship at the Commission’s Legal Service, dealing chiefly with competition law. He joined DG Competition in 1981, working on general competition policy looking at legislation and the consistency of decisions. In 1985 he joined the customs union, free movement of goods and industrial policy team and in 1989 moved to the state aid and trade defence team. From 1994 has been part of the external relations team of the Legal Service, becoming increasingly involved in WTO matters and dealing with a number of high-profile disputes since 1996. In 2001, he took over responsibility for coordinating the group of 13 lawyers and support staff within the external relations team dealing with WTO law, litigation and negotiations. Prior to his recruitment to the Commission, Mr White practised as a solicitor specialising in European Community and commercial law in Brussels and the City of London working with Clifford Turner, (now Clifford Chance). In 1981 he spent a year working as a member of the Legal Service of the European Investment Bank, working on the negotiation of international loan agreements and tax issues.
Selected publications:
The Hugin/Liptons Judgment, Law Society’s Gazette, 07.11.1979.
Some Important Aspects of the Hoffmann-La Roche Judgment, Law Society’s Gazette, 05.03.1980.
Patents in Europe – The New Treaties, Law Society’s Gazette, 30.07.1980.
The New Block Exemption Regulations on Exclusive Dealing, European Law Review, Vol. 9, No. 5, October 1984.
Abuses of Dominant Positions by TNCs : The EEC experience, CTC Reporter published by United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations, Spring 1985.
Research and Development Joint Ventures under EEC Competition Law, International Review of Industrial Property and Copyright Law Vol. 16, No. 6, December 1985.
Case 19/84 Pharmon v. Hoechst, Common Market Law Review 23 pp. 719 – 726, 1986.
In Search of the Limits to Article 30 of the EEC Treaty, Common Market Law Review 26: pp. 235 – 280, 1989.
Book Review: European Community Law in the United Kingdom by Lawrence Collins, European Business Law Review, June 1991.
Commentaire d’arrêt: Commission c. Italie (licences obligatoires de brevets), Revue de Droit Intellectuel l’Ingénieur-Conseil, p. 254, juillet-août 1992.
Compte rendu de livre (en français): Regulating for Competition – Government, Law and the Pharmaceutical Industry in the United Kingdom and France by L. Hancher, Cahiers de Droit Européen, 1993.
Written and Oral Submissions in WTO Dispute Settlement in Improving WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures, edited by Friedl Weiss, Cameron May, 2000.
Les règles de la preuve à l’OMC, Les Notes Bleus de Bercy no 186, July 2000.
The Helms Burton and D’Amato Acts – Challenge for International Law and the WTO, Helms-Burton and International Law: An EU Perspective, Allan Rosas, Eric White and Per Haugaard, editors, Kluwer, in preparation.
Reforming the Dispute Settlement System through Practice, in Manchester Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2005, p.39.

Wiedmann, Thomas

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Policy Officer – regulated professions
T: +32 2 2956134

Wiedner, Klaus

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Deputy Head of Unit – formulation and enforcement of public procurement law
T: +32 2 2967125
Wilderspin, Michael
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (English)
T: +32 2 2966713

Wilms, Gunter

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(German)
T: +32 2 2994937

Wils, Wouter

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(Dutch)
T: +32 2 2969412

Woelker, Ulrich

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – legal advisor (German)
T: +32 2 2962268

Wright, David

European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Director – financial services policy and financial markets
T: +32 2 2958626

Xuereb, Karen

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision
(Maltese)
T: +32 2 2984632

Yerrell, Nicola

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(English)
T: +32 2 2951969

Zachmann, Jacques

European Commission – Transport and Energy
Deputy Head of Unit – Internal market and competition
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2959841
Mr Zachmann has more then twenty-five years of institutional experience. He completed his doctoral studies at the University of Paris Dauphine in 1980. He worked for four years in the competition directorate of the French Ministry of Economy and Finance, a year in France’s competition commission and a further four years in the Paris-based competition council. From there he moved to Brussels in 1990 working for three years in DG Competition’s Merger Task Force (1990-1993), four years in DG Industry (1994-1998) and four years in DG Research Technology and Development (1999-2003). In 2003 he joined DG Transport and Energy, where he is currently deputy head of the internal market and competition unit.
Selected publications:
Inflation et évolution salariales en R.F.A. depuis 1975, Revue de la Concurrence 2ème trim. 86, Problèmes Economiques, N°1-992.
Politique et Formation des Prix Industriels des années 1950 aux années 1980. Un essai d’évaluation économique de la politique des prix. J. Fayolle et J. Zachmann, Groupement Scientifique Institutions, Emploi et Politique Economique,
Le contrôle communautaire des concentrations bancaires, la spécificité en question, Blanche Sousi, Jacques Zachmann, Revue du Centre interprofessionnel de recherches en droit bancaire
“Le Contrôle communautaire des concentrations” LGDJ, 1994
Association européenne pour le droit bancaire et financier. Principes économiques de base et leur application aux marchés bancaires. Éditions Bruylant, 1996
Les institutions Européennes, “La Commission européenne”.Revue Après Demain (Ligue des droits de l’homme), Mai-Juin 2000
L’Europe des Transports: les droits des passagers dans le domaine des transports. Actes du colloque de la CEDECE – Centre de recherches et de documentation européennes- Université de Bordeaux IV – Transport. 2004

Zadra, Carlo

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2998509
Qualifying from the College of Europe, Bruges with an LLM in EC law, Mr Zadra started his work in the institutions at the European Court of Justice as a référendaire in 2001 and later joined the Legal Service in 2006, where he is currently working.

Zaera Cuadrado, Elisa

European Commission – Competition
Legal Assistant (Paralegal) – mergers
T: +32 2 2960356

Zambarta, Myrto

European Commission – Trade
Assistant Case Handler – trade defence instruments
Country of origin: Cyprus
T: +32 2 2980562
Ms Zambarta joined the Commission in 2005 where she works as a case handler in DG Trade. She graduated from the University of Cambridge (1994-1997), with an MA in law. She then went on to complete the England and Wales Bar Vocational Course (1998) before obtaining a masters at King’s College, London (1999). In 2000, not content with two law degrees, she went on to complete an MSc in finance at City University Business school in London. Before joining the Commission, Ms Zambarta worked as a trainee solicitor at Travers Smith in London. After legal qualification she remained with the firm to become an assistant solicitor in the corporate and tax department.

Zavvos, Georges

European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(Greek)
T: +32 2 2995659
For a directory of lawyers within the cabinet, see 'Lawyers within the Cabinet'