The pages that follow give information relating to the background and contact details of lawyers and other officials working within a series of directorates of the European Commission in Brussels. I aim to provide a brief introduction to the institution itself and give some practical signposts to guide practitioners how to discover more information relating to the many legal functions of the body.
In a nutshell, the Commission is responsible for ensuring that EU law is complied with both by the other European Community institutions and by the member states themselves. On this basis, the Commission investigates and ultimately brings legal action before the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in Luxembourg.
In certain areas, the Commission takes executive powers directly from the Treaty of Rome. This is the case in the field of competition, for example, where among other tasks the Commission reviews the compatibility with the internal market of agreements or mergers between undertakings. The Commission may investigate on the basis of complaints or on its own initiative and is subject to procedural requirements including consultation with the member states (these consultation processes are called ‘comitology’).
The Commission is also responsible for proposing new legislation. During the legislative process these proposals may be amended several times, but once they are adopted such Community legislation in turn often confers further responsibilities on the Commission. It may require the Commission to implement directives or decisions, or publish guidelines and reports. For instance, the Commission is appointed by the Directive on General Product Safety to operate the Rapid alert system regarding dangerous products (RAPEX) involving the relevant national authorities.
In combination with its executive and legislative powers, the Commission is also in charge of defining and implementing a wide range of policies in the name of the Community. These policies include agriculture and fisheries, regional development, competition, research and development, the environment, public health, energy, transport, development aid as well as justice, freedom and security and external relations1.
The need for the Commission to take the initiative in relation to such a diverse range of subjects means that the institution is in constant need of expert advice. At any time a number of consultation processes are run on a broad range of topics, from issues such as damages actions for breach of competition rules to market access or specific consumer protection issues. The Commission also maintains expert groups to assist it, such as permanent scientific committees composed of national specialists2.
How the Commission exercises its authority, and the results that arise from its actions, is largely a function of political priorities. The speed with which it reacts to events and the nature of its chosen course of action are all subject to specific circumstances. The political priorities of the Commission – which at any given moment amounts to those of the college of Commissioners which actually makes decisions – must also adjust to the priorities of the member states themselves.
Two questions hover whenever the Commission decides on an action, proposes new legislation or defines a policy: is it acting within the competence of the Community (ie not overstepping the competences of EU member states), and if so, is it acting within its own competence (ie not overstepping the competences of other EU institutions).
The Commission itself is composed of the college of Commissioners (at present 27 – one for each member state) who jointly take decisions, while each Commissioner is also responsible for a specific area of the Commission’s activities.
The staff of the Commission totals about 25,000 people, and is divided into directorates-general (DGs), directorates and units. These in turn are assisted by a service corps comprising of the General Secretariat3, the Legal Service and by a number of administrative services (covering translation, interpretation, publications, etc).
When working on a particular issue, it is important to identify which section of the Commission is actually involved. Even if only one directorate-general is working on a specific file, all the Commissioners and their cabinets (the groups of advisers working directly under the individual Commissioners) may later become involved if necessary. In addition, in many cases several directorates-general are involved either directly or through a form of inter-directorate consultation. Working with the Commission resembles working with many public authorities in a number of ways. It is particularly important to be well prepared in advance of meetings and conversations and understand what is or may be the perspective of the Commission in the matter. Consideration should be given to all matters at stake, beyond the simple policy issues at hand.
The multinational composition and the sense of mission are among the most striking features of the Commission. It is also worth bearing in mind the speed of growth of the institution. Many of the first intake of Commission officials are still alive, and can remember the time when it was easily housed in a single building.
The fundamental rules governing the procedure of the Commission are contained in the EC Treaty, and this should be consulted rigorously, but is not exhaustive. For example it contains little in relation to the rules on comitology4, the financial regulations, the rules on the conclusion of contracts with the Commission, or on deadlines. Such rules and other regulations relevant to the Commission are subject to extensive interpretation by the ECJ.
Those interacting with the Commission need also to be aware of the Commission’s good administrative behaviour5, rules on access to documents6, complaint forms, and the internal rules of the Commission.
In addition to the basic practitioner information, there is widespread academic discussion of the Commission7, practical guides to the EU8 and commentary on lobbying9, all of which should be borne in mind by those dealing on a regular basis with the institution.
The most important consideration, ahead of working with the Commission, is to think how best to prepare and which points to have in mind. Before you contact the Commission or are contacted by the Commission it is highly recommended that you review the procedures in depth. Be sure that you understand whether the Commission is the right institution to contact or why precisely you or your organisation have been contacted by the Commission. What is the legal basis of the Commission’s competence in the particular instance? What are your procedural rights and in what legislative, executive and political context your work with the Commission will take place?
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a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
European Commission – Transport and Energy
Head of Unit – inspections manufacturing and enrichment plant
Country of origin: France
T: +35 2 430136946
Ms Adrian is head of the unit dealing with nuclear safeguards, verification of fabrication and enrichment plants in DG Transport and Energy. She joined the European institutions in 1997 as a nuclear inspector in DG Transport and Energy, after a nine year career as an engineer for the Framatome Group in France (1988-1997). In 2000 she was recruited as an auditor in the European Court of Auditors, where she remained for another four years. For the period 2004-2006 she held the position of the assistant to the director general of the Euratom Supply Agency, before returning to DG Transport and Energy as a head of unit. Ms Adrian holds a diploma of engineering in materials & mechanics from the Centre d’Etudes Supérieures des Techniques Industrielles (CESTI) in France.
European Commission – Trade
Member of Commission Staff – services and investment, bilateral trade relations
T: +32 2 2996310
European Commission – Environment
Adviser – sustainable development and integration
T: +32 2 2966954
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – antitrust and cartels
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2969401
Dr Albath completed his legal studies in Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland. He passed the first state exam in Berlin in 2001, obtained a masters in international trade law from Amsterdam Law School in 2002 and took his doctorate in Berlin, writing a specialist thesis on international trade and investment in electricity and gas in 2004. After passing the second state exam in Berlin in 2004, he worked in the German Federal Ministry of Finance’s unit for European law, based in Berlin, and joined the European Commission in January 2006 as a case handler in DG Competition’s cartels directorate. Dr Albath has published numerous articles on the impact of European law on German tax law and on the country of origin principle.
Selected publications:
Trade and Energy: Investment in the Gas and Electricity Sectors, OGEL Volume 3, issue 02, June 2005
Handel und Investitionen in Strom und Gas, Die Internationalen Regeln, Britz, Gabriele, Reihe: Energie- und Infrastrukturrecht
Munich 2005
European Commission – Trade
Policy Desk Officer – policy and negotiations
T: +32 2 2969280
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Spanish)
T: +32 2 2958680
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – financial services banking and insurance
T: +32 2 2963179
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – merger policy and scrutiny
Country of origin: Portugal
T: +32 2 2986316
Ms Alves completed her legal studies at Lisbon University (1994) and the College of Europe, Bruges (1995), where she remained for another year as a teaching assistant in the law faculty. She practised law for one year with Vermulst & Waer in Brussels (1997). In 1998 she was recruited as a référendaire at the EC Court of First Instance in Luxembourg. In March 2002 she joined DG Competition in the antitrust unit relating to transport. Since February 2006 she has been a case handler in the policy and scrutiny unit for mergers.
Selected publications:
Commentary on the ECJ case C-450-93 of 17 October 1995 (Kalanke), Revista Juridica n°20, 1996, 179-187
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – WTO dispute settlement/TBR
Case Handler – WTO Dispute Settlement
Country of origin: Denmark
T: +32 2 2991888
Mr Amarasinha works for DG Trade dealing with legal aspects of international trade policy and WTO dispute settlement. He is currently responsible for WTO dispute settlement cases, primarily subsidy and anti-dumping matters. From 1999-2005 he was responsible for negotiations and meetings within the WTO, OECD, and UNCTAD on trade and competition, Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS) and issues relating to the functioning of the WTO. He served as trade co-chair of the OECD joint group on trade and competition from 2001-2005. Mr Amarasinha holds a law degree from the University of Copenhagen and Georgetown University and has taught and lectured extensively on international economic law with particular emphasis on the WTO. He previously worked for Clifford Chance (1998-99), the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1996-98) and the Danish Ministry of Interior (1993-95). He is a member of the international trade law and the law of foreign investment committees of the International Law Association.
Selected publications:
The Long and Winding Road towards Multilateral Investment Rules (co-authored with J. Kokott), for forthcoming Oxford University Press book, 2007; Subsidies and Competition Issues in the WTO – A Brief Tour D’Horizon (Law and Economics in International Trade, Vol. 2, No.1, pp. 27-36, 2005); East is East and West is West and the twain shall never meet: or shall they? (International Antitrust Law & Policy: Annual Proceedings of the Fordham Corporate Law Institute, pp. 603-630, 2003); Moving the trade and competition debate forward (Journal of International Economic Law, 4 (3), p. 481, 2001)
Guatemala – Anti-Dumping Investigation regarding Portland Cement from Mexico, Legal Commentary on the reports of the WTO Panel and Appellate Body, International Trade Law Reports Vol. IV, 3 (1999).
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2954223
Mr Amato is a member of the Commission’s Legal Service with duties including general legal assistance to the Commission and representation and defence of the Commission before the Luxembourg Courts. Mr Amato holds a law degree from the University of Turin (1995), an LLM from the College of Europe, Bruges (1998) and a further LLM from Columbia University School of Law, New York (2001). He arrived at the Commission with a background in private practice, having worked as an associate for Cleary Gottlieb Steen Hamilton’s Brussels office between 1998 and 2000. In 2001 he was recruited as a case handler to DG Competition’s Merger Task Force. Leaving Brussels in 2002, he worked for a year as a référendaire in the cabinet of Advocate-General Antonio Tizzano at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg, returning to DG Competition to work as a case handler, a post that he held until 2004, when he moved to his current position.
Selected publications:
Comment to Articles 82 and 86 of the EC Treaty, Smith & Herzog on the Law of the European Union, LexisNexis, 2006
Wettbewerbsbeschränkung, Kommentar zum europäischen und deutschen Kartellrecht, 2006
Commento agli articoli 81 e 82 Trattato CE, in Commentario ai Trattati CE e UE, p. 518-552, Giuffrè Editore, 2004
International Antitrust: What Future?, World Competition, Vol. 24(4), 2001, p. 451
The Reform of the European Competition Policy Concerning Vertical Restraints, The Antitrust Law Journal, Vol. 69, No 1, 2001, p. 147
Preliminary Analysis Of The Commission’s Reform Concerning Vertical Restraints, Journal of World Competition, 23(2), 5, 2000
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – antitrust and cartels
T: +32 2 2993855
European Commission – Trade
Director – market access and industry
T: +32 2 2992054
European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2952170
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Adviser – enlargement and international issues
T: +32 2 2963104
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Malta
T: +32 2 2987988
Ms Aquilina joined the European Commission’s DG Trade in January 2005 and moved to her current position as member of the external relations team of the Legal Service in September 2005. She graduated from the University of Malta in 1993 with a doctor of laws and from the University of Oxford in 1995 with a postgraduate certificate in international law and diplomacy. Before joining the European institutions she held a series of interesting overseas institutional posts. Working from 1995 until 1999 at the permanent mission of Malta to the UN in Geneva, she then moved to the EU directorate of the Maltese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Two years later she joined the permanent representation of Malta to the EU in Brussels (2002-2004).
European Commission – Transport and Energy
Head of Unit – electricity and gas
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2964263
Ms Arana is a Spanish lawyer who specialised in European Law at Université Libre de Bruxelles. She worked as a legal consultant and as head of the legal department of a software company before joining the European Commission in 1993 as a civil servant. Within the Commission she worked in DG External Relations in relation to the then newly independent states of the former Soviet Union. She joined DG Competition in 1999, where she first ensured implementation of European antitrust rules in the energy markets, then undergoing liberalisation. Thereafter she scrutinised aid granted to companies by European member states. She currently works in DG Transport and Energy where she heads the department responsible for developing and implementing European rules and legislation for the electricity and gas markets.
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
T: +32 2 2991235
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2987858
Mr Autret is a leading case handler in trade defence investigations for DG Trade. He obtained a masters in applied mathematics and finance from École Polytechnique in Palaiseau, France. He also completed a postgraduate degree specialising in public and business administration. Before joining the Commission from 2000-2003 he worked at the Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry in Paris.
Selected publications:
L’information financière en crise: Comptabilité et capitalisme (co-authored with Alfred Galichon and Nicolas Véron) (Editions Odile Jacob, 2004);
Smoke & Mirrors, Inc.: Accounting for Capitalism, (co-authored with Alfred Galichon and Nicolas Véron) (Cornell University Press, 2006)
European Commission – Trade
Deputy Director GeneralEuropean Commission – Legal Service
Director – principal legal advisor (English)
T: +32 2 2958241
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
T: +32 2 2957785
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – transport
T: +32 2 2956985
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – telecommunications and post, information society coordination
T: +32 2 2951888
European Commission – Environment
Legal Officer – horizontal coordination on international legal and institutional issues
T: +32 2 2968471
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
T: +32 2 2950797
European Commission – Competition
Policy Officer (Paralegal) – European competition network and institutional relations
T: +32 2 2997994
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – transport
T: +32 2 2969569
European Commission – Trade
International Relations Assistant – official in charge of relations with third countries
Country of origin: Greece
T: +32 2 2994454
Mr Bezirtzoglou is in charge of relations with third countries in the trade defence instruments unit in DG Trade. He is responsible mainly for relations with Asia and Oceania, as well as for the design, development and management of an EU database management system. He completed a diploma in computing from the municipality of Ilioupolis, Greece; a physics degree from the university of Patras, Greece; four postgraduate computers courses in design, training and software, and he is currently undertaking a doctorate at the Democritus University of Thrace. Prior to joining to the Commission, he was heavily involved in a wide range of computing jobs: freelancing as an IT analyst; training in computer applications; writing a weekly column updating readers on new technological advances, and working in the private sector as an ICT consultant at Alexander Young Horwarth, where he was responsible for the analysis, programming and maintenance of a maritime management information system. In 1994 he was recruited by the European Commission to DG Environment’s nuclear safety and civil protection unit for his computing expertise. From 1998-2001, he transferred over to DG Competition working as the assistant to the director in the unit responsible for information, communications and multimedia. In 2001, he worked briefly as an information and communication technology expert in the secretariat-general for strategic planning and programming before he joined the cabinet of Commissioner Anna Diamantopoulou as an assistant member of her cabinet. His main portfolio responsibilities in the cabinet included transport, energy, research and information society. From 2004-2005, he moved to DG Regional Policy as a desk officer in the unit responsible for innovative actions where he was the coordinator for the Greek regional programmes. Currently, he has moved into a more international trade role as an official in charge of relations with third countries.
Selected publications:
Regional Innovation Excellence in Greece, Region of Western Macedonia (2005); Food Microbiology (University of Ioannina and University of Thrace, 2003); Internal Report, Anti-trust & Liberalisation web sites, DG COMP working group(2001);
Internal Report, A Vision for Information Management, Better Information and Communication Group/MOVE On, DG ENV (1997);
Internal Report, Better Communication Group/MOVE, DG ENV(1996)
European Commission – Competition
Paralegal support for competition policy development and enforcement – European competition network and institutional relations
T: +32 2 2986529
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Policy Officer – company law – accounting
T: +32 2 2955480
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Assistant Policy Officer – SOLVIT team member
T: +32 2 2961921
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler in trade defence instruments proceedings
T: +32 2 2968971
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
T: +32 2 2952356
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Dutch)
T: +32 2 2985362
European Commission – Competition
Assistant Case Handler – mergers
T: +32 2 2962909
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2990021
Mr Bordes obtained a diplôme and a licencié en droit publique from the Institut d’ Etudes Politiques, Bordeaux in 1978. Before joining the Commission he was a French civil servant working in the field of fishery policy (1981-1988). In 1988 he joined the Commission and held successive positions in the fields of agriculture, air transport, trade (negotiations on services) and information society. Since 2000 he has been a member of the Commission’s Legal Service responsible firstly for food safety, before moving to his current position in the external relations unit.
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Hungarian)
T: +32 2 2986969
Boudot, Geraldine
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
T: +32 2 2998845
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Assistant – legal affairs assistant
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2950814
Mr Didier holds a masters degree from the University of Paris II (1979). Currently he works as a legal assistant in the better regulation unit dealing amongst other things with requests for access to documentation.
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Dutch)
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +32 2 2952541
Mr Bouquet is a member of the European Commission Legal Service competition team (mergers and antitrust cases) since 2002, dealing in particular with cases on energy and on competition aspects of sports. He has litigation experience in cartel cases (main cases Danone, Degussa, FNSEA) sports cases (Piau, Meca Medina) and merger cases (EDP, easyJet). Before joining the Legal Service he worked for twelve years in Euratom Supply Agency, responsible for legal issues and for natural uranium supplies (involvement in ENU and KLE cases). Mr Bouquet has also private practice experience. From 1985-1989 he worked for the Antwerp law firm Kegels Dieryck & Van Looveren (later Dieryck & Van Looveren) and from 1989-1990 for the Brussels law firm Liedekerke, Wolters, Waelbroeck & Kirkpatric. He obtained his legal degrees from the University of Antwerp (1985) and the University of Ghent (1987). Mr Bouquet has written several articles on nuclear law, in particular on nuclear supply provisions and on Euratom ownership (Bulletin of Nuclear law),
Selected publications:
Contribution with R. Wainwright to 2003 Forham Corporate Law Institute “State Intervention and Action in EC Competition Law”, (B. Hawk, Ed 2004), pg. 539-579)
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Austria
T: +32 2 2964978
Dr Braun graduated from the University of Vienna in 1982 with a Doctor iur. and obtained a diploma in political science from the Institute for advanced studies in Vienna in 1985. The following year he carried out research at the University of Paris’ Fondation Nationale de Science Politique with a grant of the French government and chamber of commerce. Returning to the University of Vienna in 1986 to complete his studies in political science and history, obtained a Dphil in 1988 writing a specialist thesis on economic sanctions. In 1993 Dr Braun moved to the US where he undertook a further year of legal studies at the University of Chicago from where he graduated in 1994 with an LLM. From 1987 to 1990 he worked at the Vienna-based Austrian federal ministry responsible for economic affairs and traffic, within the foreign economic affairs department. After this he became a clerk in the Constitutional Court in Vienna. From there he decided to switch to private practice, becoming an associate at Wolf Theiss in Vienna from 1994 to 1995. He subsequently joined Schönherr in Vienna in 1995 and became a partner in 1997. After five years of private practice he joined the Commission’s Legal Service.
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
T: +32 2 2957775
European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit – legislation and institutional matters
Country of origin: The Netherlands
T: +32 2 2954125
Graduating with an LLM from the University of Leiden in the Netherlands, he is presently the head of the unit for legislation and institutional matters in DG Environment. Straight after university he chose the institutional career path working in the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture before moving to DG Environment in 1994 to work on structural policies, where he remains at present.
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – WTO dispute settlement
Country of origin: United Kingdom
T: +32 2 2967350
Mr Brown is a case handler responsible for WTO dispute settlements in DG Trade. In 1992, he obtained an LLB with first class honours from the University of Edinburgh. Completing his postgraduate studies in international relations at the Bologna site of the prestigious John Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies in 1996, he subsequently moved to Belgium where he completed another law degree at the College of Europe, Bruges. In 1999 he was recruited by commercial Belgian firm Van Bael & Bellis. Leaving private practice three years later, he joined the Commission’s Legal Service, where he has worked since.
European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit for Biotechnology, Pesticides and Health
T: +32 2 2962362
European Commission – Environment
Director – communication, legal affairs and civil protection
T: +32 2 2957099
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments – official in charge of relations with industry
T: +32 2 2981079
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Head of Unit – free movement of capital and financial integration
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2951168
Mr Caballero Sanz is head of the unit responsible for the free movement of capital and financial integration in DG Internal market and services. He holds a doctorate from the University of Warwick (UK), a doctorate in economics from the University of Valencia and a master’s from the University of Michigan. Before joining DG Internal Market and Services he held a series of senior positions in different DGs, including: Information Society, Competition, Economic and Financial Affairs and in the Cabinet of former Commissioner Marcelino Oreja.
European Commission – Transport and Energy
Policy Officer – electricity and gas
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2994365
Mr Cabau is a graduate from the College of Europe (1992), Bruges. A member of the Paris Bar from 1995 to 2004, he moved to Brussels in 2004, where he works as an administrator in DG Transport and Energy in the Gas and Electricity Unit.
Selected publications:
“EU Competition Law and Energy Markets”, Co-author, Claeys&Casteels, 2005
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal and Policy Affairs Officer – industrial property
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2985640
Mr Calles Sánchez started off his career as an industrial engineer in the private sector (1995-1998), then worked as a patent examiner in the Spanish patent office (2000-2001) and as an associated professor, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid in the industrial production department (2000-2003). In 2001 he joined the cabinet of the Spanish industry minister, where he worked as a technical advisor until 2004. From October 2004 Mr Calles Sánchez has worked in DG Internal Market and Services, in Unit D2-industrial property, dealing with patent issues.
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – WTO dispute settlement/TBR
T: +32 2 2981185
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Officer – legal advisor
T: +32 2 2961773
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
Country of origin: Portugal
T: +32 2 2980100
Mr Cardoso de Andrade holds a degree in Economics from the London School of Economics (2001) and a masters in European Studies from King’s College, London University (2003). Before becoming a case handler in the energy unit of DG Competition, he worked for a year with investment bank UBS Warburg in London (2002) and a further two years with accountancy practice Ernst & Young, also based in the British capital (2003-2005).
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Director – public procurement policy
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2955795
Mr Carsin has over 30 years institutional experience and held a wide range of important posts within the European Commission, before becoming a director in the directorate for public procurement policy, DG Internal Market and Services (2003- present). With a postgraduate degree in public law from Université de Paris-Panthéon-Sorbonne (1972), he became a lecturer in institutional and community law at the faculty of law and economic sciences of the University of Rennes and in 1998 became the head lecturer at the École Nationale d’Administration (ENA) in Strasbourg. His career in the European Commission started in 1976 in DG Transport, as an administrator in international road tariff policy. In 1979 he moved to DG Industry and Internal Market, where his main duties involved free circulation of goods and the removal of trade barriers. In 1984 he became deputy head of unit in the same DG particularly focusing on the free circulation of persons, the right of establishment and mutual recognition of diplomas. In 1992 he became head of unit in the task force for human resources, education, training and youth focusing on the development and implementation of continuous training policy, before joining the cabinet of Commissioner Vanni d’Archirafi. In 1995 he became head of the unit for formulation and application of public procurement law in DG Internal Market and Services and in 1997 director of the Directorate for Scientific Advice in DG Health and Consumer Protection (DG SANCO). Equipped with strong legal knowledge and experience Mr Carsin returned to DG Internal Market and Services to become a director in the Directorate for public procurement policy.
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Portuguese)
T: +32 2 2966855
European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2990325
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Desk Officer – formulation and enforcement of public procurement law
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2995806
Ms Castilla Contreras has been a case handler and legal desk officer in DG Internal Market and Services since 2003. Before joining the European Commission, she worked in private practice for six years as an associate with Covington & Burling in London (1997-2003). Admitted to both the Spanish bar in 1998 and to the roll of solicitors of England and Wales in 2000, she holds a masters from the Royal Institute of European Studies (1996) and a postgraduate degree in competition law from Kings College, London (2000).
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
T: +32 2 2960064
Spain
Mr Castillo de la Torre graduated from the Alcala de Henares University in 1989 with a degree in law, from the Complutense University, Madrid with a degree in political science (1990) and from the College of Europe, Bruges, with a masters in European Law (1991). After briefly practising law with Van Bael & Bellis in Brussels (1993), he moved to DG Internal Market and Services (1994-1996). He moved to the Commission’s Legal Service in 1996, before spending two years at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg, from where he returned to the Legal Service in 2002.
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Italian)
T: +32 2 2968947
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Policy Officer and Legal Adviser in EU Policy and International
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2965859
Mr Cervera Navas obtained his law degree in 1992 and arrived at the Commission in 1999, following a background of seven years of private practice. At first he worked as an administrator in the data protection unit (1999-2005), then in copyright unit (2005) and since then in D1 unit of DG Internal Market and Services, which deals in copyright and the knowledge-based economy.
Selected publications:
The new directive on unfair commercial practices in the internal market as a promising tool for the uptake of binding corporate rules, International Review of Law Computers & Technology, Routledge. November 2006, Volume 20, No 3, p. 1-17
Binding corporate rules: A new date protection tool for multinational companies, World data protection report, BNA International, 2004, Volume 4, No 7, p. 14-18.
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
T: +32 2 2962013
European Commission – Legal Service
Director – principal legal advisor (Greek)
T: +32 2 2950168
European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit – research, science & innovation
T: +32 2 2969094
European Commission – Legal Service
Director – principal legal advisor (English)
T: +32 2 2952828
European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2964045
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2958706
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal and Policy Affairs Officer – industrial property
T: +32 2 2988229
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Greek)
T: +32 2 2958342
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (Portuguese)
T: +32 2 2995340
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Policy Officer – regulated professions
T: +32 2 2955923
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – Revision (Greek)
T: +32 2 2959552
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – state aid – industrial restructuring
T: +32 2 2993946
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – codification (English)
T: +32 2 2955746
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – consumer goods and foodstuffs
T: +32 2 2955141
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (French)
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2957981
Ms Cujo has been member of the Commission’s Legal Service since September 2004. She obtained a maîtrise de droit in public international law from Université Paris X-Nanterre in 1994 and followed a course in public international law at the Hague-based Academy of International Law in the Netherlands in 1994. In 1995 she qualified from the Université de Paris X-Nanterre with a DEA in economic, international and Community law and in 2002 she obtained a doctorate in law from the Université Paris X-Nanterre. Before her recruitment to the Commission Ms Cujo pursued an academic career, lecturing at Université Paris-X-Nanterre and the Institut de Préparation à L’administration Générale from 1995 to 2000. From 1996 to 1997 she worked as a lawyer at the World View Association. Prior to joining the Commission, she was in charge of the mission of the directorate of judicial affairs within the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. She remains academically affiliated, and is currently in charge of the masters course on international legal agreements at the prestigious Institut d’Etudes Politiques in Paris (Sciences Po).
Selected publications:
Les réactions décentralisées de l’Union européenne à l’illicite, E. Cujo, Paris, LGDJ, 587p., à paraître (2007)
“Remarques sur l’article 20 du Traité instituant la Communauté européenne : protection consulaire ou protection diplomatique?”, J.P. Cot, E. Cujo, Mélanges Touscoz, à paraître (2007)
“L’invocation de la responsabilité internationale par les organisations internationales”, E. Cujo, in P. Bodeau, J. Crawford, A. Pellet, S. Szurek (dir.), Droit de la responsabilité internationale, Paris, Pedone, 2006, 18 p. (à paraître)
“Article 69”, in J.P. Cot, A. Pellet, M. Forteau, La Charte des Nations Unies. Commentaire article par article, E. Cujo, Paris, Economica, 2005, xxT: +2363p., pp. 1711-1719
“La nationalisation et l’expropriation”, in P. Daillier, G. de La Pradelle, H. Gherari (dir.), S. Barbier, E. Cujo, Droit de l’économie internationale, Paris, Pedone, 2004, pp. 685-698
“Les réactions des organes politiques”, in H. Ascensio, E. Decaux, A. Pellet (dir.), E. Cujo, M. Forteau, Droit international pénal, Paris, Pedone, 2000, xviT: +1053 p., pp. 663-680
“L’autonomie du recours en indemnité par rapport au recours en annulation. Evolutions jurisprudentielles”, E.Cujo, R.M.C.U.E., juin 1999, n° 429, pp. 414-420
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – financial services banking and insurance
T: +32 2 2994814
European Commission – Trade
Assistant Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2987792
European Commission – Competition
Formulation and coordination of competition policy and enforcement – antitrust policy and scrutiny
T: +32 2 2980106
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – legal advisor
Country of origin: United Kingdom
T: +32 2 2957900
A graduate in law from St Edmund Hall, Oxford University (1973), Mr Curral worked as a barrister between 1974 and 1976 before joining the UK government’s legal service where he worked for the next four year, before joining DG Internal Market and Services in 1980. Three years later he moved to Legal Service where he has remained since. In the course of his career Mr Curral has delivered two courses in EC social law at Université Libre de Bruxelles, and in 1993 he served as a visiting professor at Fordham University, New York, delivering courses on abuse of dominant position under Article 86 of the EC Treaty.
Selected publications:
Some Aspects of the Relation between Articles 30-36 and Article 100 of the EEC Treaty, with a closer look at Optional Harmonisation [1984] YEL 169-205 (Yearbook of European Law, Oxford University Press)
Le Fonds européen de développement régional des origines jusqu’à l’Acte unique européen, 1988 CDE no. 1-2, pp. 39-102 (Cahiers de droit européen, Brussels)
La Communauté et les fonctions publiques nationales (l’article 48§4 du traité CEE), Revue française d’administration publique no. 48, 1988, pp. 57-66
Unlawful Discrimination in Employment – an outline of the European Community Rules and Case-Law, (1990) Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 13-27
Educational rights under the EC Treaty, in Mobility of People in the European Community, Irish Centre for European Law, Trinity College, Dublin, 1989
Bildung und Ausbildung im Recht der Europäischen Gemeinschaft, in Recht der Jugend und des Bildungswesens, Nr. 2/1991, pp. 139-161 (Luchterhand Verlag, D-5450 Neuwied)
Chapters in Groeben, Thiesing, Ehlermann, Kommentar zum EWG-Vertrag, 4th edition, 1991, 4 vols., Nomos Verlagsgessellschaft, D-7570 Baden-Baden, on:
Introduction to the Social Chapter of the EEC Treaty, articles 117-128 (pp. 3269-3306) (with the late Jörn Pipkorn);
Article 117, social policy (pp. 3306-332)(with Jörn Pipkorn);
Article 118, social policy (pp. 3326-3368)
Article 119, equal pay and equal treatment for men and women (pp.3409-3485)
Articles 120-122, miscellaneous social provisions (pp. 3485-3489)
Article 128 [now 127], education and training policy (pp. 3519-3563)
Idem, 5th edition : revised commentaries on Articles 119-122 EC and social protocols of EUT, published May 1999
European Commission – Trade
Advisor – WTO affairs, OECD and food-related sectors
Country of origin: Denmark
T: +32 2 2992207
Mr Dalvin is the advisor to the director on export credit and export credit insurance in DG Trade. Having completed a masters in economics at the University of Copenhagen, he has worked in the insurance sector for more than 30 years. In 1971, he was a wage negotiator for an academic group in Denmark. In 1972, he became involved with legal policy while working for the official Denmark export promotion unit preparing parliamentary debates about the law on shopping hours. Working for Export Credit Insurance company from 1977, in 1986 he succeeded in obtaining a managerial role as head of the division for the Ministry of Insurance responsible for all medium and long-term insurance. In 1991, he moved to Brussels landing a senior executive role as the head of unit for export issues and export promotion in DG Trade before becoming an advisor.
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler active in monitoring and follow-up of third country TDI actions against the EU
T: +32 2 2985133
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Officer – solvency and legal issues
Country of origin: Portugal
T: +32 2 2961566
Mr de Abreu Rocha started his career in the European Commission in 1987. His first position was in DG Admin, where he stayed until 1990. The next three years he worked at the Secretariat-General and since 1993 he has been working in DG Internal Market. Before joining the European Commission he worked as a lawyer and university assistant, (1983-1987). He holds a law degree from the University of Lisbon (1983) and a post-graduate degree in EU Law from the College of Europe in Brugge (1986).
European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2961947
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2961861
European Commission – Competition
Policy Coordinator – formulation and coordination of competition policy and enforcement
T: +32 2 2996660
de la Cruz Inglesias, Lorella
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – legal aspects of trade policy
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2958951
Ms de la Cruz Inglesias is a case handler for legal aspects of trade policy in DG Trade. In 1995, she graduated from the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Leaving her home country on an exchange programme to the University of Essex, UK she obtained a masters in EU law. In 1998-2001, she worked as a researcher at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington DC while completing her post-graduate studies on public international law. Before joining the Commission, she trained at Spanish firm, Gomez-Acebo y Pombo before joining DG Trade in 2001, where she was recruited as a case handler in the market access unit. In 2002-2004, she was offered the position to work in the Canada desk for DG Trade.
Selected publications:
Las comunicaciones amicus curiae en el mecanismo de solución de diferencias de la organización mundial del comercio: el asunto amianto (Amicus Curiae Briefs in the WTO Dispute Settlement System: the asbestos case), Revista Electronica de Estudios Internacionales 3/2001
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2965741
Mr de la Fuente Garrigosa is a case handler in trade defence instruments in DG Trade. He graduated with a degree in economic sciences, a BA in business administration and a masters in auditing. He continues to test his intellect as he is currently undertaking a doctorate in the economy of the EU while holding down this difficult job. Before joining the Commission, he worked for big five accountancy firm PriceWaterhouseCoopers. Before moving to DG Trade, he worked in DG External Relations and the European Court of Auditors.
European Commission – Competition
Administrative Assistant – telecommunications and post, information society coordination
T: +32 2 2994875
De Persio, Elsa
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2957282
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler in trade defence instruments proceedings
T: +32 2 2962978
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Sweden and Czech Republic
T: +32 2 2991553
Ms Dejmek has been working for the Commission’s Legal Service since the beginning of 2007. With an LLM from Lund University in 2000 and a doctorate in law from Heidelberg University (2002), she joined the European Commission as a legal desk officer in the insurance and pensions unit of DG Internal Market and Services in 2004, four months after the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU. Prior to that she worked for Mannheimer Swartling’s Frankfurt office for a year before a traineeship at DG Internal Market and Services (2001- 2002). From 2002 to 2004 she worked as a legal desk officer in the internal market affairs department of EFTA’s surveillance authority, based in Brussels.
Selected publications:
Books:
Die Europäische Privatgesellschaft und die Dänische Anpartsselskab, eine rechtsvergleichende Analyse von Regelungsmethoden und ausgewählten Problemen in den personalistischen Kapitalgesellschaften (Peter Lang, 2003).
Chapter on Sweden in Kalss ed., Die Übertragung von GmbH-Gesellschaftsanteilen (Linde, 2003).
Chapter on Sweden in Oplustil/Teichmann ed., The European Company all over Europe (De Gruyter, 2004).
Articles:
Distansavtalsdirektivet ger ny svensk lag: distansavtalslagen, Europarättslig Tidskrift no 2/2000 (Swedish).
Det Europeiska Andelsbolaget, Nordisk Tidsskrift for Selskabsret, no 1/2001 (Swedish).
Das künftige Europa und die Europäische Privatgesellschaft, Neue Zeitschrift für Gesellschaftsrecht, no 16/2001 (German).
Die neusten Entwicklungen des schwedischen Aktien- und Übernahmerechts in einer nationalen und europäischen Perspektive, (with Alexander Foerster), Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, no 3/2002. (German).
Den europeiska bolagsrätten, igår, idag, imorgon, Svensk Juristtidning, no 7/2002. (Swedish).
Locus standi of individuals before Community courts under Article 230 (4) EC, illusions and disillusions after the Jégo-Quéré and Union de Pequenos Agricultores judgments, (with Vincent Kronenberger), The European Legal Forum, no 5/2002. (English).
Genomförandet av europabolaget i nationell rätt – lättare sagt än gjort? Europarättslig Tidskrift no 4/2003. (Swedish).
No flying start but a bright future for EU Directive 2003/41/EC, European Business Law Review [2006] 1381. (English).
En inre marknad för tjänstepensioner? – drygt ett år med EG-direktiv 2003/41/EG, Europarättslig Tidskrift no 4/2006. (Swedish).
European Commission – Competition
Head of Unit – European competition network and institutional relations
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +32 2 2954206
Mr Dekeyser studied law, politics and philology at the universities of Leuven and Brussels. Since September 2003, he has been the head of the unit in charge of the European Competition Network within DG Competition . He also leads the internal coordination of cartel cases and is closely involved in the development of the Commission’s policy on cartels (in close cooperation with the EU’s cartel directorate). Since October 2006, he has also been responsible for the private enforcement initiative (helping to encourage the wider use of damages actions for breach of the EC antitrust rules). From 2000 to 2003, Mr Dekeyser served as deputy head of unit of the general policy and coordination unit within DG Competition, where he was responsible for internal coordination of individual cases in the field of mergers and anti-trust. Mr Dekeyser has published regularly on competition policy issues, and in particular on the new enforcement system for articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty introduced by Regulation 1/2003. He has also written various articles on the cooperation between antitrust enforcers in the European Competition Network (ECN) and on related topics.
European Commission – Environment
Director – market based instruments including greenhouse gas emissions trading
T: +32 2 2968804
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Acting Director – free movement of capital, company law and corporate governance
T: +32 2 2965472
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – antitrust and cartels
T: +32 2 2953334
European Commission – Trade
Head of Unit – new technologies, intellectual property, public procurement
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2991873
Mr Devigne is the head of unit for intellectual property, government procurement, new technologies and aerospace industries in DG Trade. He holds a masters and further postgraduate qualifications in economic law from the University of Louvain. His professional experience before joining the Commission entailed a career in corporate finance, focusing on mergers and acquisitions. He joined the Commission in 1996, where his institutional career has always been in DG Trade, first in the anti-dumping unit (1996-1999) then aerospace issues (1999-2002) and before being promoted to a more senior role as the executive assistant to the director-general of DG Trade (2002-2005).
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Dutch)
T: +32 2 2966777
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Greek)
T: +32 2 2960151
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2966234
Mr Dintilhac has been a member of the Legal Service of the European Commission since 2003. Equipped with a masters degree in law from the University of Reims (1982), a DEA de droit communautaire from the University of Paris I (1983) and a Diploma of European Studies from the College of Europe in Bruges (1984), he briefly practised law as a member of the Paris bar for two years. In 1989 he moved to Luxembourg, where he embarked on his institutional career as a référendaire (judge’s assistant) in the EC Court of First Instance. In 1991 he moved to Brussels and joined DG Internal Market and Services, from where he moved to his current position in the Legal Service.
Selected publications:
Contributor to the Encyclopédie juridique de droit Communautaire, Dalloz
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2981340
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – legal advisor (English)
T: +32 2 2985682
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (English)
T: +32 2 2985682
European Commission – Competition
Deputy Head of Unit – distributive trades and other services
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2955984
Dr Dohms is deputy head of unit D-3 in DG Competition, dealing with the liberal professions, sports, the environment and health care services. He obtained his law degree in Germany at Passau University and a degree in legal studies from King’s College, London, in 1986. He continued his studies at the College of Europe, Bruges, taking a masters in European law in 1990. In 2001 he obtained a doctorate in law from the Free University in Berlin. Before joining the European institutions he worked a rechtsreferendar and assistant to the professor of European Community Law at Passau University, Germany (1989-1993). In 1993 he became an official in DG Competition’s energy unit (1993-1998), subsequently moving through the legislative, policy and coordination units (1998-2003), before taking up his current position.
Selected publications:
Artikel 86 EG-Vertrag (Kommentar), in Wiedemann, Handbuch des Kartellrechts, 2.Auflage 2007.
European Commission – Competition
Director – State aid – cohesion and competitiveness
Country of origin: The Netherlands
T: +32 2 2950060
Since 2003 Mr Drabbe has been director in the state aid unit responsible for cohesion and competitiveness within DG Competition. A graduate of Leiden University in administrative and constitutional law (1973) Mr Drabbe worked for fifteen years for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1974-1979) and for the Ministry of Finance, both in The Hague (1979-1989). He joined the Commission in 1989, where he was entrusted with the position of the head of unit in DG Internal Market and Services. Since 1994 he has been a director in DG Competition.
Selected publications:
EC Insurance Law, Co-editor, Kluwer Amsterdam Financial Series
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (Italian)
T: +32 2 2960056
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade Defence instruments investigations
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +32 2 2984400
Since June 2006, Mr Driessen has been employed as a case handler for trade defence instruments in DG Trade. He graduated in accountancy at the Brussels-based École Pratique des Hautes Études Commerciales. His previous work experience before joining the Commission was with Cubic in Brussels (1996-1997), as a financial consultant, at Arthur Andersen in Brussels (1997-2000), and as an accountant at Millipore in Strasbourg (2000-2001). Before joining DG Trade, his first institutional post was in DG Aidco for two years (2002-2004). Although not a lawyer by profession, his position as a case handler has direct legal relevance when assisting in formulating trade policies that enable legislation to be developed and implemented.
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Deputy Head of Unit – retail issues, consumer policy and payment systems
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2965467
Mr Ducoulombier holds a Maïtrise and Diplôme d’Études Approfondies (DEA) in European and International Law from the University of LILLE II, France (1984). He started his career at Arthur Andersen (1988-1990) and then moved to De Backer & Partners Law Firm (1990-1992). Since 1992 he has held various positions in DG Internal market (banking, e-commerce, consumer policy). Today Mr Ducoulombier is deputy head of unit in DG Internal Market in charge of retail financial services and consumer policy.
European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2993057
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – mergers
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2960783
Mr Eberl is case officer in DG Competition, based in the unit responsible for merger control in the communications and media sectors. He himself deals mainly with mergers in the energy and consumer products sectors. Mr Eberl holds a legal degree from the University of Bayreuth, Germany, a degree in international law from the University of Aix-en-Provence, and a DEA in community law from the University of Rennes. He practiced law in an international law firm before becoming a member of the institutional staff.
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (German)
T: +32 2 2964767
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2991794
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – WTO dispute settlement
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2995414
Mr Ehring works in the unit responsible for the legal aspects of trade policy. He is responsible for answering general questions of WTO law, in particular the strategic and legal conduct of WTO disputes in dispute settlement. He is the EC negotiator for the reform of the dispute settlement procedures of the WTO. He is also responsible for substantive responses to legal questions on agriculture, trade and non-discrimination issues. Before joining the Commission, Mr Ehring held a prestigious post in the legal affairs division of the WTO secretariat, working for the appellate body of secretariat.
Selected publications:
The Authoritative Interpretation under Article IX:2 of the WTO Agreement: Current law, Practice and Possible Improvements (with Claus-Dieter Ehlermann) (8 Journal of International Economic Law 803-824, 2005); Decision-Making in the WTO, Is the Consensus Practice of the World Trade Organization Adequate for Making, Revising and Implementing Rules on International Trade?(with Claus-Dieter Ehlermann) (8 Journal of International Economic Law 51-75, 2005); A Handbook on the WTO Dispute Settlement System (the World Trade Organization, 2004);
WTO Dispute Settlement and Competition Law – Views from the Perspective of the Appellate Body’s Experience (with Claus-Dieter Ehlermann) (26 Fordham Int’l L.J. 1505, 2003); De Facto Discrimination in WTO Law: National and Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment – or Equal Treatment?(36 Journal of World Trade 921-977, 2002)
European Commission – Competition
Policy Coordinator – paralegal support for competition policy development and enforcement
T: +32 2 2959685
Ellard, David
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal and Policy Affairs Officer – industrial property
T: +32 2 2963181
European Commission – Competition
Policy Desk Officer – formulation of competition policy at international level – international relations
T: +32 2 2992068
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – financial services banking and insurance
T: +32 2 2969757
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Sweden
T: +32 2 2996816
Graduating in law from Stockholm University in 1977, where he had previously taken an arts degree, Mr Enegren was employed in 1978 as a law clerk at the Södertälje district court before moving to the Svea court of appeal. In 1980 he switched to the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, where he stayed for another 17 years. His career in the European institutions began in 1997 with a post at the European Economic and Social Committee. In 2000 he was recruited to the Commission’s Legal Service. Joining as a member of the external relations team, he moved to his current position within the employment and social affairs team in 2005.
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (German)
T: +32 2 2950307
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Desk Officer – formulation and enforcement of public procurement law
Country of origin: Austria
T: +32 2 2985126
Dr Florian Ermacora studied law at the Universities of Innsbruck, Vienna and Paris. Between 1996 and 2000 he worked as an official of the European Commission in the waste management unit of DG Environment (part of his responsibilities covered the drafting of the EC Directives on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment and on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment). Between 2001 and 2004 Dr Ermacora worked for an Austrian Law Firm in Vienna, focusing on the energy, civil law and environmental sectors. He completed his bar examinations in 2003. Since 2004 Dr Ermacora has been working for DG Internal Market of the European Commission on public private partnerships and EC law on public contracts and concessions. He has published various articles and books on EC environmental and economic law.
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(Spanish)
T: +32 2 2954087
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Officer – services
T: +32 2 2961978
European Commission – Environment
Deputy Director General
T: +32 2 2992220
European Commission – Competition
Case Assistant – basic industries, chemicals and pharmaceuticals
T: +32 2 2999039
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
T: +32 2 2951572
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(English)
T: +32 2 2969902
European Commission – Competition
Deputy Head of Unit – consumer goods and foodstuffs
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2951948
Mr Andrés Font Galarza is currently deputy head of unit at DG Competition of the European Commission in the unit in charge of enforcing EC competition law (Articles 81, 82, 86 of the EC Treaty and, occasionally, the EC Merger Regulation) in the sector responsible for consumer goods (textiles, footwear, household articles, watches, jewellery, construction and medical products including biotechnology), and foodstuffs (both processed and unprocessed), including related matters at wholesale and retail level. The unit has a particular enforcement focus on cartels and analysis of unilateral conduct by companies with market power. Mr Font Galarza’s management position also requires liaison with institutions such as national competition authorities, national regulatory authorities, market players and their legal and economic advisers. Before embarking on his career in the Commission, he completed his legal studies at the University of Valencia (1986), became a qualified barrister at the Valencia bar in January 1987 and stayed in Spain for another three years, where he worked as a legal adviser. In 1990 he he left Spain for Belgium and obtained an LLM in European Community law from the College of Europe, Bruges. He started his work in the institutions the year after graduating, beginning in DG Internal Market with the division responsible for the enforcement of article 28 of the EC Treaty. Barriers to trade (November 1991 to August 1995 as legal researcher of the College of Europe. It was from there that he moved to DG Competition, where he had a wide range of important posts in the following units: the Merger Task Force (1995-1998); unit C-2, media and music publishing, Articles 81/82 of the EC Treaty (1999-2001); unit C-3, information industries and consumer electronics and software, Articles 81/82 of the EC Treaty (2001-2002); unit A-4, international affairs, OECD, ICN (anti-trust and cartels working groups); China and Korea, in the trade unit (2002-2004); and finally deputy head of unit E-1, consumer goods and foodstuffs (2004-to present). Mr Font Galarza is also a regular speaker and is a visiting lecturer at the Escuela Iberoamericana del Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia in Spain (2004-2006); he has also written for a wide range of publications.
Selected publications:
El asunto Samsung: Las facultades sancionadoras de la Comisión en virtud del Reglamento comunitario de concentraciones, Boletín Latinoamericano de Competencia n° 4, Agosto 1998
The Commission’s assessment of the Eurovision system pursuant to Article 81 EC, Competition Policy Newsletter, June 2000
The British Interactive Broadcasting Decision and the application of competition rules to the new digital interactive television services, Competition Policy Newsletter, October 2000
Mergers and Joint Ventures in the New Economy, IBC, March 2001
General lessons from the EU antitrust experience for the Latin-American antitrust emerging systems. Cancún/IBA November 2001. International Business Lawyer, 2002.
The interface between antitrust and Intellectual Property Rights. A quest for coherence. International Business Lawyer, 2002
The interface between competition policy and international trade liberalisation. Looking into the future: Applying a new virtual anti-trust standard. World Competition, March 2004, authors: Kirtikumar Mehta, Benoît Durand, Andrés Font-Galarza
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2999795
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – state aid and regional aid
T: +32 2 2999142
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments investigations
T: +32 2 2985662
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service, EU Delegation Geneva, Switzerland
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2991111
After two years of private practice at Covington & Burling’s Brussels Office, Ms Fries became a member of the Commission’s Legal Service external relations team in 2000. She was recruited to her current post in 2006 as a first secretary with responsibility for legal affairs at the EU delegation to Geneva. Ms Fries graduated from the University of Paris I with a maîtrise en droit in 1991 and from the University of München in 2000 with a Doctor iur. She passed the first German state exam in 1993 and the second state exam in 1996.
Selected publications:
Contributor in “The European Union and Conflict Prevention”, Article: Conflict Prevention and Human Rights, Edited by Vincent Kronenberger and Jan Wouters (2004).
Die Grundrechtsbindung der Mitgliedstaaten nach dem Gemeinschaftsrecht, Herbert Utz Verlag (2002).
A Human Rights Policy for the European Community and Union: The Question of Competences, with J.H.H. Weiler, in Alston, Buscello, Heenan (edrs) The EU and human rights. Oxford (1999).
Citizenship of the Union: First Steps in the Court of Justice, with Jo ShawEuropean Public Law (EPL) 4/1998 (1998)
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Head of Unit responsible for internal market strategy and competitiveness
T: +32 2 2956038
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments – enforcement official
T: +32 2 2957060
European Commission – Trade
Head of Unit – commercial analysis
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2992682
Mr Frontini is a head of unit in DG Trade. He holds a degree from the prestigious Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po) in Paris; from where he also obtained a diploma in further economic studies and a doctorate in economics. Having been educated in both countries Mr Frontini speaks fluent French and Spanish. He has had a steady career in the EU institutions since 1986 when he was first recruited into the economics unit of DG Internal Market and Industrial Affairs. From 1986-1993, he moved to DG Development where he worked as a desk officer for several west African countries, including the Ivory Coast, Benin and Liberia. He was responsible for managing aid allocations to these countries and monitoring relations between them and the EU. From 1994-1997, he transferred within DG Development to the unit concerned with planning and programming. In 1997, after over ten years within that DG he was promoted to be assistant to the director general. From 1999-2003, he was further promoted to senior managerial roles as the head of the Caribbean unit, the regional affairs unit and the overseas countries and territories unit in DG Development. In 2003, he left DG Development after 20 years moving on to DG Trade where he is currently the head of chief economist’s unit dealing with commercial analysis.
Selected publications:
Towards a more effective conditionality, an operational framework (World Development Vol. 27, N° 2, pp. 285-299, 1999)
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2965923
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – mergers
T: +32 2 2980572
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – state aid – industrial restructuring
T: +32 2 2988458
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments investigations
T: +32 2 2955532
European Commission – Trade
Director – development and management of trade relations with neighbourhood countries and with south-east Asia – bilateral trade relations
Country of origin: Spain
T: +32 2 2995661
Mr Garcia Bercero is the director for sustainable development and bilateral trade relations within DG Trade and has been working for the Commission for over 20 years. He graduated in law from the Universidad Complutense in Madrid and subsequently went on to complete a Master of Laws at University College, London, where he received a distinction. In 1987, he was recruited into the Commission as an administrator dealing with multilateral trade policies and questions relating to the GATT and OECD within DG Trade. From 1993-1997, he left Brussels to act as a counsellor for the economic and social affairs committee in the European Community’s New York delegation; his duties included regular participation in UN conferences on environment and social development. Returning to Brussels in 1997, he was posted to a managerial position as deputy head of the unit responsible for the overall coordination of WTO Policy. Essentially, he was the chief negotiator on trade and competition issues with regards to WTO policy. From 2001-2005, he was promoted to head of unit within the same field of expertise: WTO dispute settlement and trade barriers regulations. In 2005, he was promoted to his current position, one of the highest executive positions within the Commission: the director
of DG Trade.
Selected publications:
Trade Laws, GATT and the management of trade disputes between the US and the EEC, Yearbook of European Law 1985 (1986);
Review of Selective Safeguard Measures in Multilateral Trade Relations, MCEJ Bronckers, Yearbook of European Law 1986 (1987);
Comercioy Medioambiente, Información Commercial Española, Special number 1992 on Economy and the Environment; Perspectivas de Reforma en los grandes Organismos Económicos Internacionales, Anuario Internacional, IDDB 1995;
Comercio y Competencia, Informacion Comercial Española (Special issue 2000 on New issues in WTO);
Functioning of WTO System: Elements for possible WTO institutional reform, International trade law and regulation, August 2000;
Moving the Trade and Competition debate forward (with S. Amarasinha), Journal of International Economic Law, 2001; DSU Reform Why Have Negotiations to Improve WTO Dispute Settlement Failed So Far and What Are the Underlying Issues? (with P. Garzotti), The Journal of World Investment & Trade, 2005
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – state aid – industrial restructuring
T: +32 2 2990699
European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit – infringements
T: +32 2 2968763
European Commission – Environment
Legal Policy Officer – clean air and transport
Country of origin: Italy
T: +32 2 2957258
Mr Gasparinetti graduated from the University of Bologna in 1986 with a law degree. He went on to practise corporate law for five years before opting for an institutional career. He started out in the Consumer Policy Service (1991-1996). Equipped with five years’ institutional experience he moved to DG Internal Market in 1996.
Selected publications:
Contributor “La tutela collettiva dei consumatori”, Rivista giuridica dell’ambiente (Article in Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 1995)
European Commission – Competition
Case Manager – basic industries, chemicals and pharmaceuticals
T: +32 2 2996114
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal and Policy Affairs Officer – Industrial property
Gauer, Celine
European Commission – Competition
Deputy Head of Unit – antitrust policy and scrutiny
T: +32 2 2963919
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – energy and water
T: +32 0 2962082
European Commission – Environment
Policy Officer – legal expert
Country of origin: Hungary
T: +32 2 2968012
Ms Gerzsenyi is a legal policy officer in DG Environment responsible for giving legal advice on environmental law, in particular on industrial emissions legislation and Commission procedures. She chiefly deals with conformity, checking that the transposition of EU law into national legislation and penalties are uniform. She is a law graduate from Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. Before joining the Commission, Ms Gerzsenyi worked for the Ministry of Environment and Water in Hungary. She joined the Commission in 2003 as a trainee and is now a lead legal policy officer in DG Environment.
Selected publications:
Constitutional status of the Hungarian prosecution (Studia Collegii de Stephano Bibó nominati, Budapest, 1999); Education of juveniles in prison (Journal of prosecutors, 2/2000)
Criminal and criminal procedural law of juveniles in the Hungarian legal system (Studia Collegii de Stephano Bibó nominati, Budapest, 2001); From Rio to Kyoto (European Law 3/2004); Article series on EU news (European Law between 2001-2005); Adaptation of Industrial Plants to the Best Available Technology (Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law, 4/2006)
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
T: +32 2 2954835
Mr Giolito obtained masters degrees in law from both Paris (1988) and the College of Europe, Bruges (1990). Since 1999 he has been a member of the Commission’s Legal Service, currently working in the state aid team. He provides internal legal advice to the Commission on state aid issues and defends the Commission before the Luxembourg courts on important state aid cases. Mr Gioloto practised law from 1990 to 1992 and from 1994 to 1995 in Paris and Neuilly-sur-Seine (being admitted to the Bar in 1994). Between 1992 to 1994 he was a member of the research division at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg and from 1995 to 1998 he returned to the European Court of Justice to work as a référendaire for the first Swedish judge. Before joining the Legal Service he worked for a year within a legal unit of DG Industry (1998-1999).
Selected publications:
State Aid law chronicles for “Concurrences” (Revue des droits de la concurrence)
Comments on the Treaties establishing the European Union and the European Community, Herbling & Lichtenhahn, January 2000
Procedure in European competition law: JCP-Semaine Juridique, CDE 1/97 (Co-author)
Community law chronicles for the Editions Francis Lefebvre from 1992 to 1997
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Officer – services
T: +32 2 2980752
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – financial services banking and insurance
T: +32 2 2961668
European Commission – Competition
Case Handler – transport
T: +32 2 2953578
European Commission – Environment
Case Handler – infringements
T: +32 2 2964044
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2950385
A member of the Commission’s Legal Service since 1999, Mr Gross passed his first legal state exam in Cologne in 1994. He obtained an LLM from the College of Europe, Bruges in 1995, and passed his second legal state exam in Berlin in 1997. Before joining the Commission, he spent a year working as an in-house lawyer for a multinational company, with responsibility for competition law matters.
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (German)
T: +32 2 2966071
European Commission – Legal Service
Director – principal legal advisor (German)
T: +32 2 2958263
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision
(Portuguese)
T: +32 2 2959415
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Legal Policy Officer – regulated professions
T: +32 2 2951665
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
(Greece)
T: +32 2 2980247
European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit for Agriculture and Soil
T: +32 2 2959826
European Commission – Environment
Head of Unit- communication and governance
Country of origin: United Kingdom
T: +32 2 2968703
Mr Hanley the head of unit for communication and governance is responsible for implementing community environmental legislation. Having graduated from the University of Lancaster in biological science he completed three subsequent postgraduate degrees at the University of Oxford, Chelmer Institute of Higher Education and a management diploma at North East London Polytechnic. During and in between his higher degrees, he worked as a planning officer in England. In 1985, he moved to a more senior planning role as the deputy to the regional officer for the Countryside Commission’s regional office for East Anglia. In 1988 he moved to Brussels, where he was offered a post at the European Parliament Committee for Regional Policy. From 1989 to 1994, he worked for DG Environment, heading the urban environment team whose responsibilities included dealing with legislative proposals for air and noise pollution. He was responsible for launching the Auto Oil exercise, which represented a new approach to preparing legislation based on scientific and economic assessment. In 1994, for one year he became a member of Cabinet for the Commissioner of Environment and Fisheries, Yiannis Paleokrassas. He returned to environment in 1995 as the assistant to the director-general and then as the head of the task force for the environment action programme and integration. In 1998, he was promoted to the head of unit where he managed staff and coordinated policy to prepare for the sixth environmental action plan. From 2001-2006 he was again appointed head of unit, however this time for nature and biodiversity where he was responsible for the implementation of community legislation and policy. Another key responsibility he undertook while in this position was as a representative for the EU in international negotiations with respect to nature policies and conventions. Currently, Mr Hanley as head of unit for communication and governance, handles all aspects of communication and external relations, including legal elements relating to access to information. He has recently been involved in negotiating and implementing legislation of the Aarhus Convention, which aims to empower individuals and groups in civil society to participate in an informed and active manner in the protection of the environment and substainable use of resources.
European Commission – Competition
Chief Economic Analyst
T: +32 2 2958922
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments – enforcement official – general policy
T: +32 2 2955100
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments – enforcement official
T: +32 2 2952213
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service (German)
T: +32 2 2987574
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Poland and Germany
T: +32 2 2980228
Ms Herrmann joined the Commission’s Legal Service in March 2005. She worked for the Legal Service of the European Parliament in 2003 and the in-house department of the European Investment Bank during 2004. Ms Herrmann holds an LLM in German law from the Viadrina European University in Frankfurt (1999), a maîtrise de droit publique from the University of Metz (2000), a Magister prawa from the University of Poznan (2001) and a DES en droit européen from the Institute of European Studies at the Free University of Brussels (2002).
European Commission – Transport and Energy
Policy Officer – radiation protection (Luxembourg)
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +35 2 430136396
Mr Herzeele holds a masters degree in European legal studies (2001) from the European Institute of Public Administration in Luxembourg, University of Nancy 2 and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Mr Herzeele worked as an industrial engineer at the Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, part of the Department for the Environment in Brussels (1978-1982) before opting for a career in the European Commission. His professional experience in the European Institutions include DG Transport and Energy Luxembourg, where he worked as a nuclear inspector from 1982 to 1990. In 1990 he was recruited as a policy desk officer in the radiation protection unit of DG Environment until 2003 and of DGTransport and Energy until 2006. Since 2006 he has been policy desk officer in DG Transport and Energy in unit H4, dealing with radioactivity in foodstuffs and the implementation of Article 37 of Euratom.
Selected publications:
The European Commission and the directives laying down the basic standards in radiation protection, Janssens A., Herzeele M., Contrôle: la Revue de l’Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire No 167, France, Décembre 2005, p. 48-51
Twenty Years after Chernobyl: The role of the European Union, Herzeele M., Janssens A., Annales de l’Association Belge de Radioprotection, Vol. 31, No 2, 2006, p. 49-58
European Commission – Transport and Energy
Director – conventional sources of energy
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2968174
Currently a director of conventional sources of energy in DG Transport and Energy, Mr Hilbrecht has a colourful history of institutional posts since 1980. Following a seven-year career with the Ministry for Economic Affairs and Transport of the Saarland, Saarbrücken, he embarked on a career in the Commission which has been virtually unbroken. From 1980 to 1986 he worked for DG Energy, but in 1986 he left Brussels to join the EU delegation to Washington DC. He returned to Brussels four years later to become an assistant to the director-general for personnel and administration. Since 1991 he has been promoted to a series of senior positions, as head of the unit dealing with aviation policy, then head of railway policy unit (1996), director of land transport (1999), director of trans-European networks (2004) and finally director of conventional sources of energy. His list of publications include numerous speeches and articles. Mr Hilbrecht holds a diploma in economics from the University Saarbrücken (1973).
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Germany
T: +32 2 2993727
Mr Hoffmeister has law degrees from the Goethe University in Frankfurt (1991), the University of Geneva (1992) and the University of Heidelberg (1994). In 1994 he passed the German first state exam. From 1994 to 1996 he was a researcher on foreign public law and international law at the prestigious Max Planck Institute in Heidelberg. He completed a thesis on human rights and democracy clauses in EC agreements with third states, obtaining a doctorate in jurisprudence at the University of Heidelberg in 1998, and passed the second state exams in 1998. From 1999 to 2001 he worked at the Walter Hallstein Institute for European Constitutional Law in Berlin, and was subsequently recruited to join the Cyprus team in DG Enlargement. In 2002 he moved to the external relations team in the Commission’s Legal Service. Since 2006 he has also served as a visiting professor at the Vrije Universiteit in Brussels, teaching on general and economic international law. Mr Hoffmeister has undertaken secondments to the German Federal Ministry of Justice in Berlin, the German Foreign Office in Singapore and the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg.
Selected publications:
Monographs
Public Liability for Environmental Damage, German Law, Comparative Law and Proposals de lege ferenda, Federal Ministry for the Protection of the Environment, Berlin 2002, p. 308
Legal Aspects of the Cyprus problem – Annan Plan and EU accession (Kluwer Law International, forthcoming 2006).
Articles
Art. 10 ECHR in the jurisprudence of the European Court on Human Rights 1994-1999, Europäische Grundrechtezeitschrift (European Human Rights Journal) 2000, 358-369 (G).
The UN Tribunal for ex-Yugoslavia – the significance of the case law for general international law, in: Hoffmeister/Papenfuß/Weiss u.a. (ed.), Jahrestagung des UN-Forschungskreises 2000, Potsdam 2001, 3 – 10 (G).
The European Convention on Human Rights and its Significance for Germany, Der Staat 2001, 349-381 (G).
EU Human Rights and Democracy Foreign Policy, Die Union 1/2001, 87-95 (G).
Ingolf Pernice/Frank Hoffmeister, The Division of Economic Policy Powers Between the European Community and its Member States, status quo and proposals de lege ferenda, in: A. v. Bogdandy and others (ed.), Festschrift für Claus-Dieter Ehlermann, 2002, 363-382 (E).
The Role of the European Commission in the enlargement process, in: F. Merli (Hrsg.), Die Osterweiterung der EU in der Praxis, Dresden 2002, 33-44 (G).
Earlier Enlargements, in: A. Ott/K. Inglis (Hrsg.), Handbook on European Enlargement, Den Haag 2002, 87-89 (E).
Changing Requirements for membership, in: A. Ott/K. Inglis (Hrsg.), Handbook on European Enlargement, Den Haag 2002, 90-102 (E).
International Agreements in the Legal Orders or the Candidate Countries, in: A. Ott/K. Inglis (Hrsg.), Handbook on European Enlargement, Den Haag 2002, 209-220 (E).
General Principles of the Europe Agreements and the Association Agreements with Cyprus, Malta and Turkey, in: A. Ott/K. Inglis (Hrsg.), Handbook on European Enlargement, Den Haag 2002, 349-366 (E).
Les clauses des droits de l’Homme et leurs implications dans les relations euro-maghrébines, in: Revue Marocaine d’Administration Locale et de Développement, Thèmes Actuels 42/2003: Le partenariat euro-maghrébin – Les accords d’association entre l’UE et les pays du Maghreb, 137-145 (F).
The proposal for a statute on environmental liability, in : Umweltbundesamt (ed.), Haftung als Instrument des Umweltschutzes, Berlin 2003, 59-66 (G).
European Rights: Citizen Rights or Human Rights?, in: Jack Demaine (ed.), Citizenship and Political Education Today, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2004, pp. 124-140 (E).
Monitoring Minority Rights in the enlarged European Union, in: Gabriel v. Toggenburg (Hrsg.), Minority Protection and the enlarged European Union: The way forward, Open Society Institute, Budapest, 2004, pp. 85-106 (E).
Les relations entre les Etats-Unis et l’Union européenne après le 11 septembre 2001 : aspects de droit international et européen, in : Le devenir du droit international, Actes du Colloque international, Marrakech, les 12 et 13 mars 2004, Revue Marocain d’Administration Locale et de Développement, Thèmes Actuels 48/2004, pp. 91-108 (F).
Macedonia in Europe : Prospects of FYROM’s relations with the EU, in: Gabriella Schubert (ed), Makedonien – Prägungen und Perspektiven, Forschungsreihe zu Südosteuropa Nr. 1, Wiesbaden 2005, pp.181-189 (E).
The protection of minorities in the European Constitution, in: La Rivista delle Scienze politiche, novembre 2005/2-3, pp. 181-194 (I).
Les politiques de coopération au développement et d’assistance économique, technique et financière et les droits de l’homme, in : M. Candela (ed.), Actes du Colloque, L’Union européenne et les droits de l’homme, Liège 2006, 255-268 (F).
The policy of the European Union as regards the countries of the Western Balkans, in : S. Kadelbach, Die Europäische Union als internationaler Akteur, Walter-Hallstein Kolloquium, Frankfurt, 2006, forthcoming.
Frank Hoffmeister/Pieter Jan Kuijper, The status of the European Union – institutional ambiguities and political realities, in: J. Wouters/F.Hoffmeister/T. Ruys (ed.), The United Nations and the European Union – an ever stronger Partnership, The Hague 2006, 1-34.
Frank Hoffmeister/Barbara Eggers: UN-EU cooperation on public health – the evolving participation of the European Union in the World Health Organisation, in: J. Wouters/F.Hoffmeister/T. Ruys (ed.), The United Nations and the European Union – an ever stronger Partnership, The Hague 2006, 155-170.
Jan Wouters/Frank Hoffmeister/Tom Ruys, Epilogue: The UN and the EU – the road to partnership, in: in: J. Wouters/F.Hoffmeister/T. Ruys (ed.), The United Nations and the European Union – an ever stronger Partnership, The Hague 2006, 383-400.
Head of Unit, Directorate C – Information, communication and media, Information industries, Internet and consumer electronics, DG Competition
T: +32 2 29-66935
Mr Hellstrom was a Commission advocate who appeared in Luxembourg on behalf of the Commission – most notably in its recent Microsoft case – before taking up his current position.
European Commission – Internal Market and Services
Head of Unit responsible for the external dimensions of the internal market
T: +32 2 2955885
European Commission – Competition
Assistant ot the Director General
Country of origin: France
T: +32 2 2998907
Mr Huby is assistant to the director-general of mergers and antitrust in DG Competition. He started his work in the institutions in 2002 as a case officer and stayed at that post until 2005. Originally an engineer he graduated from the prestigious Ecole Polytechnique at des Mines outside Paris in 1999 and obtained a masters degree in economics from Paris University (2002).
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service
Country of origin: Finland
T: +32 2 2992857
Mr Huttunen holds a masters in law from the University of Helsinki (1991) and a doctorate in jurisprudence from the European University Institute, Florence (2000). From 1991 to 1993 he worked as an assistant at the University of Helsinki and for three years afterwards he was a researcher at the European University Institute, Florence. In 1996 he joined DG Employment and Social affairs and four years later the European Commission Legal Service, where he remains. He has published articles and case commentaries in various legal journals on labour law and Community law (in the fields of transport, employment and freedom to provide services).
Selected publications:
Commentary of Articles 70 to 80 EC in “Smit & Herzog on the Law of the European Union” Matthew Bender, ed., LexisNexis, Publisher, 2005
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision (French)
T: +32 2 2955298
European Commission – Competition
Policy Co-ordinator – formulation and coordination of competition policy and enforcement
T: +32 2 2985042
With degrees from ELTE University in Budapest (2001) and the College of Europe, Bruges (2002). After completing a traineeship with Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Brussels (2003), Mr Inotai joined DG Competition in 2003. His first post was in the unit dealing with telecommunications and post and he subsequently switched to his current post in 2006 as an official in unit A-1, which is responsible for antitrust policy and scrutiny.
Selected publications:
Regulation of electronic communications — time for a review? (with Dirk Grewe, in: Competition Policy Newsletter, Spring 2006)
The consolidation of the internal market for electronic communications in the European Union (in: Gazdaság és Jog, April 2006)
The treatment of captive sales in the electronic communications sector, with special view to the New Regulatory Framework for electronic communications (in: European Competition Law Review, September 2005)
Two Recent Veto Decisions under the New Regulatory Framework for Electronic Communications – The Importance of Competition Law Principles in Market Analysis (with Dirk Grewe and Stefan Kramer, in: Competition Policy Newsletter, Spring 2005)
The restriction of the reception area of broadcasters in the Hungarian Media Act in the light of the electronic communications law of the EC (in: Infokommunikáció és Jog, April 2005)
The economics of market definition in the electronic media sector in the light of EC competition law (in: Gazdaság és Jog, April 2005)
Market definition in the electronic media service sector in the light of the merger control practice of the European Commission (in: Európai Jog, April 2005)
Market analysis under the new regulatory framework for electronic communications: context and principles (with Luca Di Mauro, in: Competition Policy Newsletter, Summer 2004)
The competition law of the European Communities on the eve of changes (in: Jogtudományi Közlöny, 2002. November)
The European Commission’s practice in dealing with concentrations in the telecommunication sector (in: Cég és jog, 2001. December)
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler – trade defence instruments
Country of origin: Finland
T: +32 2 2985021
Presently, Ms Jakas works as a case handler in trade defence instrument investigations in DG Trade. Graduating with a masters degree in economics and business administration at the University of Tampere, Finland, she is not a lawyer by degree. However, as a case handler she works alongside institutional lawyers to formulate policy. Before joining the Commission, she worked for five years at Tyco Electronics, the multi-national group active in telecommunications and electronics. She joined the Commission in 2002 and was first posted to DG Agriculture before moving to DG Trade in 2005.
European Commission – Trade
Head of Unit – trade defence instruments
T: +32 2 2962933
European Commission – Trade
Case Handler in trade defence instruments proceedings
T: +32 2 2994278
European Commission – Transport and Energy
Head of Unit – radiation protection
Country of origin: Belgium
T: +35 2 430136395
Mr Janssens obtained his PhD In Sciences (nuclear physics) from the University of Ghent in 1977, where he stayed for another eight years to do research in radiation dosimetry and radiation protection in the nuclear physics laboratory. He joined the European Commission in 1985 where he worked for five years at the Safeguards Office, before switching to his present position as head of unit in the radiation and protection unit of DG Transport and Energy. Mr Janssens has a wide range of publications focusing on various scientific matters and on EU work on radiation protection.
European Commission – Competition
Policy Coordinator – European competition network and institutional relations
T: +32 2 2962577
European Commission – Legal Service
Member of the Legal Service – revision
Country of origin: Slovakia
T: +32 2 2988135
Mr Javorsky graduated in law from Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Slovakia, in 1998. From 1999 to 2000 he was recruited as a legal ad
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